%0 Journal Article %K pig %K aggression %K body position %K labelling %K precision livestock farming %B Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift %C Hannover %D 2013 %G English %I Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG %P 113-120 %R 10.2376/0005-9366-126-113 %T How do pigs behave before starting an aggressive interaction? Identification of typical body positions in the early stage of aggression using video labelling techniques [engl] %V 126 %1 {"oldId":69040,"title":"How do pigs behave before starting an aggressive interaction? Identification of typical body positions in the early stage of aggression using video labelling techniques [engl]","topline":"","teaserText":"","content":"

Summary<\/span>
The aim of this study was to identify, quantify, and describe pre-signs of aggression in pigs and the early stages of aggressive interactions. The experiment was carried out at a commercial farm on a group of 11 male pigs weighing on average 23 kg and kept in a pen of 4 m x 2.5 m. In total 8 hours were videorecorded during the first 3 days after mixing. As a result, 177 aggressive interactions were identified and labelled to find pre-sign body positions before aggressive interactions, attack positions and aggressive acts performed from these positions. A total of 12 positions were classified as pre-signs (P1 #150;P12) and 7 of them were identified immediately at the start of aggressive interactions (P6 #150;P12). Most common pre-sign positions were P3-pigs approaching and facing each other (24%) and P2-initiator pigs approaching from the lateral side (18%). In 80% of the cases the duration of pre-signs was 1 #150;2 sec 72% of all aggressive interactions were short (1 to 10 sec). The most frequent attack positions were P12-inverse parallel (39.5%), P7-nose to nose, 90\u00b0 (19.77%) and P9-nose to head (13.5%). The most frequent aggressive acts from attack positions were head knocking (34.4%), pressing (34.4%) and biting of different body parts (29.4%). Head knocking was mostly observed in relation to P7 and P2 positions and biting was common in the P7 position. In conclusion, pigs adopt specific pre-signs and body positions before the escalation of aggressive interactions. This could be used as potential sign to identify a beginning aggression.

Keywords:<\/span>
pig, aggression, body position, labelling, precision livestock farming


Zusammenfassung<\/span>
Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, Vorzeichen f\u00fcr Aggressionsverhalten sowie fr\u00fche Stadien aggressiver Interaktionen bei Schweinen zu identifizieren, zu quantifizieren und zu beschreiben. Die Studie wurde in einem Praxisbetrieb an einer Gruppe von elf m\u00e4nnlichen Schweinen durchgef\u00fchrt, welche im Mittel 23 kg wogen und in einer 4 m x 2.5 m gro\u00dfen Bucht gehalten wurden. Die Schweine wurden f\u00fcr insgesamt acht Stunden innerhalb der ersten drei Tage nach der Gruppierung video\u00fcberwacht. Hierbei wurden 177 aggressive Interaktionen erfasst und im Hinblick auf eine Identifizierung der einer aggressiven Interaktion vorausgehenden K\u00f6rperstellungen, der Angriffspositionen und der von diesen Positionen ausgehenden aggressiven Verhaltensweisen ausgewertet. Insgesamt wurden zw\u00f6lf K\u00f6rperstellungen als Vorzeichen klassifiziert (P1 #150;P12), sieben davon wurden unmittelbar zu Beginn aggressiver Interaktionen erkannt (P6 #150;P12). Die am h\u00e4ufigsten beobachteten Vorzeichen waren P3 #150; die Schweine n\u00e4herten sich einander von Angesicht zu Angesicht gegen\u00fcberstehend (24 %) und P2 #150; der Angreifer n\u00e4herte sich seinem Gegen\u00fcber von der Seite (18 %). In 80 % aller F\u00e4lle dauerten derartige Vorzeichen 1 #150;2 s. 72 % aller aggressiven Interaktionen waren kurz (1 #150;10 s). Die h\u00e4ufigsten Angriffspositionen waren P12 #150; umgekehrt parallel (39,5 %), P7 #150; Nase an Nase, 90\u00b0 (19,77 %) und P9 #150; Nase zu Kopf (13,5 %). Die meisten von diesen Angriffspositionen ausgehenden aggressiven Verhaltensweisen waren Kopfschlag (34,4 %), Dr\u00fccken (34,4 %) und Bei\u00dfen (29,4 %). Kopfschlag wurde meist in Relation zu den Positionen P7 und P2 beobachtet, Bei\u00dfen meist ausgehend von der Position P7. Somit zeigen Schweine spezifische Vorzeichen und K\u00f6rperstellungen vor der Eskalation aggressiver Interaktionen, die zur Fr\u00fcherkennung aggressiven Verhaltens genutzt werden k\u00f6nnten.

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/span>
Schweine, Aggression, K\u00f6rperstellung, Labelling, Precision Livestock Farming <\/p>","categories":["Open Access","Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel","Abostufe frei"],"fromDate":"Mar 8, 2013 12:00:00 AM","toDate":"Dec 31, 2050 12:00:00 AM","oldUrls":["http:\/\/vetline.de\/pig-aggression-body-position-labelling-precision-livestock-farming\/150\/3130\/69040","http:\/\/vetline.de\/pig-aggression-body-position-labelling-precision-livestock-farming\/150\/3216\/69040"],"doiLanguage":"englisch","doiProductFormat":"Online","doiPublisher":"Schl\u00fctersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG","doiSerialWorkTitle":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. Tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr.","doiDocumentUri":"http:\/\/www.vetline.de\/pig-aggression-body-position-labelling-precision-livestock-farming\/150\/3130\/69040","doiSource":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. Tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr. 126: 03-04, 113 (2013)","doiissn":"0005-9366","doiNr":"10.2376\/0005-9366-126-113","doiFirstPage":"113","doiLastPage":"120","doiTransmitted":true,"doiAuthor":"Ismayilova G, Oczak M, Costa A, Thays Sonoda L, Viazzi S, Fels M, Vranken E, Hartung J, Bahr C, Berckmans D, Guarino M","pdf":{"path":"http:\/\/data\/bmtw_2013_03_0113.pdf","title":"bmtw - How do pigs behave before starting an aggressive interaction?","description":""},"authors":[{"firstName":"G","middleName":"","lastName":"Ismayilova"},{"firstName":"M","middleName":"","lastName":"Oczak"},{"firstName":"A","middleName":"","lastName":"Costa"},{"firstName":"L","middleName":"","lastName":"Thays Sonoda"},{"firstName":"S","middleName":"","lastName":"Viazzi"},{"firstName":"M","middleName":"","lastName":"Fels"},{"firstName":"E","middleName":"","lastName":"Vranken"},{"firstName":"J","middleName":"","lastName":"Hartung"},{"firstName":"C","middleName":"","lastName":"Bahr"},{"firstName":"D","middleName":"","lastName":"Berckmans"},{"firstName":"M","middleName":"","lastName":"Guarino"}],"contentOptimised":"

Summary<\/strong>
The aim of this study was to identify, quantify, and describe pre-signs of aggression in pigs and the early stages of aggressive interactions. The experiment was carried out at a commercial farm on a group of 11 male pigs weighing on average 23 kg and kept in a pen of 4 m x 2.5 m. In total 8 hours were videorecorded during the first 3 days after mixing. As a result, 177 aggressive interactions were identified and labelled to find pre-sign body positions before aggressive interactions, attack positions and aggressive acts performed from these positions. A total of 12 positions were classified as pre-signs (P1 #150;P12) and 7 of them were identified immediately at the start of aggressive interactions (P6 #150;P12). Most common pre-sign positions were P3-pigs approaching and facing each other (24%) and P2-initiator pigs approaching from the lateral side (18%). In 80% of the cases the duration of pre-signs was 1 #150;2 sec 72% of all aggressive interactions were short (1 to 10 sec). The most frequent attack positions were P12-inverse parallel (39.5%), P7-nose to nose, 90\u00b0 (19.77%) and P9-nose to head (13.5%). The most frequent aggressive acts from attack positions were head knocking (34.4%), pressing (34.4%) and biting of different body parts (29.4%). Head knocking was mostly observed in relation to P7 and P2 positions and biting was common in the P7 position. In conclusion, pigs adopt specific pre-signs and body positions before the escalation of aggressive interactions. This could be used as potential sign to identify a beginning aggression.

Keywords:<\/strong>
pig, aggression, body position, labelling, precision livestock farming


Zusammenfassung<\/strong>
Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, Vorzeichen f\u00fcr Aggressionsverhalten sowie fr\u00fche Stadien aggressiver Interaktionen bei Schweinen zu identifizieren, zu quantifizieren und zu beschreiben. Die Studie wurde in einem Praxisbetrieb an einer Gruppe von elf m\u00e4nnlichen Schweinen durchgef\u00fchrt, welche im Mittel 23 kg wogen und in einer 4 m x 2.5 m gro\u00dfen Bucht gehalten wurden. Die Schweine wurden f\u00fcr insgesamt acht Stunden innerhalb der ersten drei Tage nach der Gruppierung video\u00fcberwacht. Hierbei wurden 177 aggressive Interaktionen erfasst und im Hinblick auf eine Identifizierung der einer aggressiven Interaktion vorausgehenden K\u00f6rperstellungen, der Angriffspositionen und der von diesen Positionen ausgehenden aggressiven Verhaltensweisen ausgewertet. Insgesamt wurden zw\u00f6lf K\u00f6rperstellungen als Vorzeichen klassifiziert (P1 #150;P12), sieben davon wurden unmittelbar zu Beginn aggressiver Interaktionen erkannt (P6 #150;P12). Die am h\u00e4ufigsten beobachteten Vorzeichen waren P3 #150; die Schweine n\u00e4herten sich einander von Angesicht zu Angesicht gegen\u00fcberstehend (24 %) und P2 #150; der Angreifer n\u00e4herte sich seinem Gegen\u00fcber von der Seite (18 %). In 80 % aller F\u00e4lle dauerten derartige Vorzeichen 1 #150;2 s. 72 % aller aggressiven Interaktionen waren kurz (1 #150;10 s). Die h\u00e4ufigsten Angriffspositionen waren P12 #150; umgekehrt parallel (39,5 %), P7 #150; Nase an Nase, 90\u00b0 (19,77 %) und P9 #150; Nase zu Kopf (13,5 %). Die meisten von diesen Angriffspositionen ausgehenden aggressiven Verhaltensweisen waren Kopfschlag (34,4 %), Dr\u00fccken (34,4 %) und Bei\u00dfen (29,4 %). Kopfschlag wurde meist in Relation zu den Positionen P7 und P2 beobachtet, Bei\u00dfen meist ausgehend von der Position P7. Somit zeigen Schweine spezifische Vorzeichen und K\u00f6rperstellungen vor der Eskalation aggressiver Interaktionen, die zur Fr\u00fcherkennung aggressiven Verhaltens genutzt werden k\u00f6nnten.

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/strong>
Schweine, Aggression, K\u00f6rperstellung, Labelling, Precision Livestock Farming <\/p>","primaryLanguage":"englisch","summary":"The aim of this study was to identify, quantify, and describe pre-signs of aggression in pigs and the early stages of aggressive interactions. The experiment was carried out at a commercial farm on a group of 11 male pigs weighing on average 23 kg and kept in a pen of 4 m x 2.5 m. In total 8 hours were videorecorded during the first 3 days after mixing. As a result, 177 aggressive interactions were identified and labelled to find pre-sign body positions before aggressive interactions, attack positions and aggressive acts performed from these positions. A total of 12 positions were classified as pre-signs (P1 #150;P12) and 7 of them were identified immediately at the start of aggressive interactions (P6 #150;P12). Most common pre-sign positions were P3-pigs approaching and facing each other (24%) and P2-initiator pigs approaching from the lateral side (18%). In 80% of the cases the duration of pre-signs was 1 #150;2 sec 72% of all aggressive interactions were short (1 to 10 sec). The most frequent attack positions were P12-inverse parallel (39.5%), P7-nose to nose, 90\u00b0 (19.77%) and P9-nose to head (13.5%). The most frequent aggressive acts from attack positions were head knocking (34.4%), pressing (34.4%) and biting of different body parts (29.4%). Head knocking was mostly observed in relation to P7 and P2 positions and biting was common in the P7 position. In conclusion, pigs adopt specific pre-signs and body positions before the escalation of aggressive interactions. This could be used as potential sign to identify a beginning aggression.","keywords":["pig","aggression","body position","labelling","precision livestock farming"],"zusammenfassung":"Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, Vorzeichen f\u00fcr Aggressionsverhalten sowie fr\u00fche Stadien aggressiver Interaktionen bei Schweinen zu identifizieren, zu quantifizieren und zu beschreiben. Die Studie wurde in einem Praxisbetrieb an einer Gruppe von elf m\u00e4nnlichen Schweinen durchgef\u00fchrt, welche im Mittel 23 kg wogen und in einer 4 m x 2.5 m gro\u00dfen Bucht gehalten wurden. Die Schweine wurden f\u00fcr insgesamt acht Stunden innerhalb der ersten drei Tage nach der Gruppierung video\u00fcberwacht. Hierbei wurden 177 aggressive Interaktionen erfasst und im Hinblick auf eine Identifizierung der einer aggressiven Interaktion vorausgehenden K\u00f6rperstellungen, der Angriffspositionen und der von diesen Positionen ausgehenden aggressiven Verhaltensweisen ausgewertet. Insgesamt wurden zw\u00f6lf K\u00f6rperstellungen als Vorzeichen klassifiziert (P1 #150;P12), sieben davon wurden unmittelbar zu Beginn aggressiver Interaktionen erkannt (P6 #150;P12). Die am h\u00e4ufigsten beobachteten Vorzeichen waren P3 #150; die Schweine n\u00e4herten sich einander von Angesicht zu Angesicht gegen\u00fcberstehend (24 %) und P2 #150; der Angreifer n\u00e4herte sich seinem Gegen\u00fcber von der Seite (18 %). In 80 % aller F\u00e4lle dauerten derartige Vorzeichen 1 #150;2 s. 72 % aller aggressiven Interaktionen waren kurz (1 #150;10 s). Die h\u00e4ufigsten Angriffspositionen waren P12 #150; umgekehrt parallel (39,5 %), P7 #150; Nase an Nase, 90\u00b0 (19,77 %) und P9 #150; Nase zu Kopf (13,5 %). Die meisten von diesen Angriffspositionen ausgehenden aggressiven Verhaltensweisen waren Kopfschlag (34,4 %), Dr\u00fccken (34,4 %) und Bei\u00dfen (29,4 %). Kopfschlag wurde meist in Relation zu den Positionen P7 und P2 beobachtet, Bei\u00dfen meist ausgehend von der Position P7. Somit zeigen Schweine spezifische Vorzeichen und K\u00f6rperstellungen vor der Eskalation aggressiver Interaktionen, die zur Fr\u00fcherkennung aggressiven Verhaltens genutzt werden k\u00f6nnten.","schluesselwoerter":["Schweine","Aggression","K\u00f6rperstellung","Labelling","Precision Livestock Farming"],"translatedTitle":"","abstractE":"The aim of this study was to identify, quantify, and describe pre-signs of aggression in pigs and the early stages of aggressive interactions. The experiment was carried out at a commercial farm on a group of 11 male pigs weighing on average 23 kg and kept in a pen of 4 m x 2.5 m. In total 8 hours were videorecorded during the first 3 days after mixing. As a result, 177 aggressive interactions were identified and labelled to find pre-sign body positions before aggressive interactions, attack positions and aggressive acts performed from these positions. A total of 12 positions were classified as pre-signs (P1 #150;P12) and 7 of them were identified immediately at the start of aggressive interactions (P6 #150;P12). Most common pre-sign positions were P3-pigs approaching and facing each other (24%) and P2-initiator pigs approaching from the lateral side (18%). In 80% of the cases the duration of pre-signs was 1 #150;2 sec 72% of all aggressive interactions were short (1 to 10 sec). The most frequent attack positions were P12-inverse parallel (39.5%), P7-nose to nose, 90\u00b0 (19.77%) and P9-nose to head (13.5%). The most frequent aggressive acts from attack positions were head knocking (34.4%), pressing (34.4%) and biting of different body parts (29.4%). Head knocking was mostly observed in relation to P7 and P2 positions and biting was common in the P7 position. In conclusion, pigs adopt specific pre-signs and body positions before the escalation of aggressive interactions. This could be used as potential sign to identify a beginning aggression.","date":{"year":2013,"date":"03\/2013","accepted":"2013-03-08"},"volume":"126","openAccess":true,"journal":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","titleImageId":944,"pages":"113-120","redirects":["pig-aggression-body-position-labelling-precision-livestock-farming\/150\/3130\/69040","pig-aggression-body-position-labelling-precision-livestock-farming\/150\/3216\/69040"],"tierartCategories":[],"artikelartCategories":["Open Access","Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel","Abostufe frei"]} %8 03/2013