TY - JOUR KW - antimicrobial consumption KW - critically important antimicrobials KW - antimicrobial resistance KW - pig KW - daily dose AU - M Trauffler AU - W Obritzhauser AU - J Raith AU - K Fuchs AU - J Köfer AB - The World Health Organization lists antimicrobial substances which are essential for the treatment of specific infections in humans as “highest priority critically important antimicrobials” (HPCIAs): macrolides, fluoroquinolones, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins as well as glycopeptid antibacterials. The use of these substances in livestock husbandry should be restricted in order to minimise the risk of antimicrobial resistance. To date, there is little knowledge about the amounts of HPCIAs used in animal husbandry and the different animal species and diagnoses these antimicrobials are prescribed for. In a retrospective study, drug application data recorded from 2008 until 2011 from 75 conventional pig farms were evaluated. Data were assessed directly by the farmer at farm-level. The annual antimicrobial consumption was expressed in “weight of active substance(s) in [mg]” and “number of Daily Doses”. Results were referred to the animal biomass, evaluated per pig age class (piglets, weaners, fattening pigs lt; 60 kg biomass; fattening pigs gt; 60 kg biomass, sows, boars) and broken down to some variables such as the substance class and the therapy indication. The focus was especially laid on the HPCIAs. The total usage of the HPCIAs in the study population was on average 3.0 mg/kg/year; 1.1 UDDkg/kg/year; 0.2 ADDkg/kg/year and 0.6 PrDDkg/kg/year. This represents about 9%, 22%, 12% and 22% of total antimicrobial consumption, respectively, depending on the unit of measurement. Fattening farms showed the highest consumption of the named substances. The main part of the HPCIAs (nADDkg/year) was applied to weaners, piglets and fattening pigs lt; 60 kg. They played an important role in the therapies of piglets (approximately 40% of the total antimicrobial consumption in piglets). Macrolides played the major role within the HPCIAs and were mainly used for digestive tract diseases. A not negligible portion of macrolides was prescribed for metaphylactic and prophylactic measures. BT - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift C1 - {"oldId":81232,"title":"The use of the \u201cHighest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials\u201d in 75 Austrian pig farms \u2013 Evaluation of on-farm drug application data","topline":"Open Access BMTW | Themenheft Antibiotikaresistenzen","teaserText":"Der Einsatz von \u201eHighest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials\u201c in 75 \u00f6sterreichischen Schweinebetrieben \u2013 Auswertung von betriebsbezogenen Arzneimitteldaten","content":"

Summary<\/span>
The World Health Organization lists antimicrobial substances which are essential for the treatment of specific infections in humans as \u201chighest priority critically important antimicrobials\u201d (HPCIAs): macrolides, fluoroquinolones, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins as well as glycopeptid antibacterials. The use of these substances in livestock husbandry should be restricted in order to minimise the risk of antimicrobial resistance. To date, there is little knowledge about the amounts of HPCIAs used in animal husbandry and the different animal species and diagnoses these antimicrobials are prescribed for. In a retrospective study, drug application data recorded from 2008 until 2011 from 75 conventional pig farms were evaluated. Data were assessed directly by the farmer at farm-level. The annual antimicrobial consumption was expressed in \u201cweight of active substance(s) in [mg]\u201d and \u201cnumber of Daily Doses\u201d. Results were referred to the animal biomass, evaluated per pig age class (piglets, weaners, fattening pigs lt; 60 kg biomass; fattening pigs gt; 60 kg biomass, sows, boars) and broken down to some variables such as the substance class and the therapy indication. The focus was especially laid on the HPCIAs. The total usage of the HPCIAs in the study population was on average 3.0 mg\/kg\/year; 1.1 UDDkg\/kg\/year; 0.2 ADDkg\/kg\/year and 0.6 PrDDkg\/kg\/year. This represents about 9%, 22%, 12% and 22% of total antimicrobial consumption, respectively, depending on the unit of measurement. Fattening farms showed the highest consumption of the named substances. The main part of the HPCIAs (nADDkg\/year) was applied to weaners, piglets and fattening pigs lt; 60 kg. They played an important role in the therapies of piglets (approximately 40% of the total antimicrobial consumption in piglets). Macrolides played the major role within the HPCIAs and were mainly used for digestive tract diseases. A not negligible portion of macrolides was prescribed for metaphylactic and prophylactic measures.<\/p>

Keywords:<\/span> antimicrobial consumption, critically important antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistance, pig, Daily Dose<\/p>

Zusammenfassung<\/span>
Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation hat antimikrobielle Substanzen, die f\u00fcr die Behandlung spezifischer Infektionen beim Menschen gebraucht werden, als \u201eWirkstoffe mit h\u00f6chster Priorit\u00e4t\u201c (\u201ehighest priority critically important antimicrobials\u201c \u2013 HPCIAs) eingestuft: Makrolide, Fluorchinolone, Cephalosporine der 3. und 4. Generation sowie Glykopeptid-Antibiotika. Wegen der Gefahr der Resistenzentwicklung und der Resistenz\u00fcbertragung von Tier auf Mensch sollte der Einsatz dieser Wirkstoffe in der Tierhaltung nur im Ausnahmefall stattfinden. Noch ist wenig dar\u00fcber bekannt, in welchen Mengen, bei welchen Nutztierspezies und f\u00fcr welche Indikationen diese Wirkstoffe in der Veterin\u00e4rmedizin eingesetzt werden. Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Studie wurden Daten zum Einsatz von Antibiotika aus dem Zeitraum 2008 bis 2011 von 75 konventionellen Schweinebetrieben ausgewertet. Die Datenerfassung erfolgte im Betrieb direkt durch den Landwirt. Der Antibiotikaeinsatz wurde in den Einheiten \u201eMenge an Wirksubstanz in [mg]\u201c und \u201eAnzahl an Tagesdosen\u201c gemessen, in Bezug zur K\u00f6rpermasse gesetzt und je Alterskategorie (Saugferkel, Aufzuchtferkel, Mastschweine lt; 60 kg, Mastschweine gt; 60 kg, Sauen, Eber), Wirksubstanzklasse und Indikation dargestellt. Der Schwerpunkt wurde dabei speziell auf die HPCIAs gelegt. Der Gesamt-Einsatz von HPCIAs in der Studienpopulation betrug 3,0 mg\/kg\/Jahr; 1,1 UDDkg\/kg\/Jahr; 0,2 ADDkg\/kg\/Jahr und 0,6 PrDDkg\/kg\/Jahr. Dies entspricht \u2013 abh\u00e4ngig von den genannten Einheiten \u2013 Anteilen von 9 %, 22 %, 12 % und 22 % am Gesamt-Antibiotikaeinsatz. In Mastbetrieben wurde die h\u00f6chste Menge an HPCIAs eingesetzt. Aufzuchtferkeln, Saugferkeln und Mastschweinen lt; 60 kg wurde der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Anteil der HPCIAs (nADDkg\/Jahr) appliziert. Ihr Einsatz spielte auch bei Saugferkeln eine gro\u00dfe Rolle (ungef\u00e4hr 40 % des Gesamt-Antibiotikaeinsatzes bei Saugferkeln). Von den HPCIAs kamen die Makrolide am h\u00e4ufigsten zum Einsatz. Sie wurden haupts\u00e4chlich bei Magen-\/Darmerkrankungen verschrieben. Eine nicht unerhebliche Menge an Makroliden wurde f\u00fcr metaphylaktische und prophylaktische Ma\u00dfnahmen eingesetzt<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/span> Antibiotikaeinsatz, \u201ccritically important antimicrobials\u201d, Antibiotikaresistenz, Schwein, Tagesdosis<\/p>","categories":["Open Access","Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel","Abostufe frei"],"fromDate":"Sep 17, 2014 7:47:03 AM","oldUrls":["http:\/\/vetline.de\/the-use-of-the-highest-priority-critically-important-antimicrobials-in-75-austrian-pig-farms-evaluation-of-on-farm-drug-application-data\/150\/3216\/81232","http:\/\/vetline.de\/the-use-of-the-highest-priority-critically-important-antimicrobials-in-75-austrian-pig-farms-evaluation-of-on-farm-drug-application-data\/150\/3130\/81232"],"doiLanguage":"englisch","doiProductFormat":"online","doiPublisher":"Schl\u00fctersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG","doiSerialWorkTitle":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","doiDocumentUri":"http:\/\/cf01.vetline.schluetersche.de\/files\/smfiledata\/3\/9\/8\/3\/3\/4\/1_OA_Trauffler.pdf","doiSource":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochenschr 127","doiissn":"0005-9366","doiNr":"10.2376\/0005-9366-127-375","doiFirstPage":"375","doiLastPage":"383","doiTransmitted":true,"doiAuthor":"Trauffler M, Obritzhauser W, Raith J, Fuchs K, K\u00f6fer J","pdf":{"path":"http:\/\/data\/BMW_2014_09_10_0375_onl300.pdf","title":"The use of the \u201cHighest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials\u201d","description":"The World Health Organization lists antimicrobial substances which are essential\r\nfor the treatment of specific infections in humans as \u201chighest priority critically\r\nimportant antimicrobials\u201d (HPCIAs): macrolides, fluoroquinolones, 3rd and 4th\r\ngeneration cephalosporins as well as glycopeptid antibacterials. The use of these\r\nsubstances in livestock husbandry should be restricted in order to minimise\r\nthe risk of antimicrobial resistance. To date, there is little knowledge about the\r\namounts of HPCIAs used in animal husbandry and the different animal species\r\nand diagnoses these antimicrobials are prescribed for.\r\nIn a retrospective study, drug application data recorded from 2008 until 2011\r\nfrom 75 conventional pig farms were evaluated. Data were assessed directly by\r\nthe farmer at farm-level. The annual antimicrobial consumption was expressed in\r\n\u201cweight of active substance(s) in [mg]\u201d and \u201cnumber of Daily Doses\u201d. Results were\r\nreferred to the animal biomass, evaluated per pig age class (piglets, weaners,\r\nfattening pigs < 60 kg biomass; fattening pigs > 60 kg biomass, sows, boars) and\r\nbroken down to some variables such as the substance class and the therapy\r\nindication. The focus was especially laid on the HPCIAs.\r\nThe total usage of the HPCIAs in the study population was on average 3.0 mg\/\r\nkg\/year; 1.1 UDDkg\/kg\/year; 0.2 ADDkg\/kg\/year and 0.6 PrDDkg\/kg\/year. This\r\nrepresents about 9%, 22%, 12% and 22% of total antimicrobial consumption,\r\nrespectively, depending on the unit of measurement. Fattening farms showed\r\nthe highest consumption of the named substances. The main part of the HPCIAs\r\n(nADDkg\/year) was applied to weaners, piglets and fattening pigs < 60 kg. They\r\nplayed an important role in the therapies of piglets (approximately 40% of the\r\ntotal antimicrobial consumption in piglets).\r\nMacrolides played the major role within the HPCIAs and were mainly used for\r\ndigestive tract diseases. A not negligible portion of macrolides was prescribed for\r\nmetaphylactic and prophylactic measures."},"authors":[{"firstName":"M","middleName":"","lastName":"Trauffler"},{"firstName":"W","middleName":"","lastName":"Obritzhauser"},{"firstName":"J","middleName":"","lastName":"Raith"},{"firstName":"K","middleName":"","lastName":"Fuchs"},{"firstName":"J","middleName":"","lastName":"K\u00f6fer"}],"contentOptimised":"

Summary<\/strong>
The World Health Organization lists antimicrobial substances which are essential for the treatment of specific infections in humans as \u201chighest priority critically important antimicrobials\u201d (HPCIAs): macrolides, fluoroquinolones, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins as well as glycopeptid antibacterials. The use of these substances in livestock husbandry should be restricted in order to minimise the risk of antimicrobial resistance. To date, there is little knowledge about the amounts of HPCIAs used in animal husbandry and the different animal species and diagnoses these antimicrobials are prescribed for. In a retrospective study, drug application data recorded from 2008 until 2011 from 75 conventional pig farms were evaluated. Data were assessed directly by the farmer at farm-level. The annual antimicrobial consumption was expressed in \u201cweight of active substance(s) in [mg]\u201d and \u201cnumber of Daily Doses\u201d. Results were referred to the animal biomass, evaluated per pig age class (piglets, weaners, fattening pigs lt; 60 kg biomass; fattening pigs gt; 60 kg biomass, sows, boars) and broken down to some variables such as the substance class and the therapy indication. The focus was especially laid on the HPCIAs. The total usage of the HPCIAs in the study population was on average 3.0 mg\/kg\/year; 1.1 UDDkg\/kg\/year; 0.2 ADDkg\/kg\/year and 0.6 PrDDkg\/kg\/year. This represents about 9%, 22%, 12% and 22% of total antimicrobial consumption, respectively, depending on the unit of measurement. Fattening farms showed the highest consumption of the named substances. The main part of the HPCIAs (nADDkg\/year) was applied to weaners, piglets and fattening pigs lt; 60 kg. They played an important role in the therapies of piglets (approximately 40% of the total antimicrobial consumption in piglets). Macrolides played the major role within the HPCIAs and were mainly used for digestive tract diseases. A not negligible portion of macrolides was prescribed for metaphylactic and prophylactic measures.<\/p>

Keywords:<\/strong> antimicrobial consumption, critically important antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistance, pig, Daily Dose<\/p>

Zusammenfassung<\/strong>
Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation hat antimikrobielle Substanzen, die f\u00fcr die Behandlung spezifischer Infektionen beim Menschen gebraucht werden, als \u201eWirkstoffe mit h\u00f6chster Priorit\u00e4t\u201c (\u201ehighest priority critically important antimicrobials\u201c \u2013 HPCIAs) eingestuft: Makrolide, Fluorchinolone, Cephalosporine der 3. und 4. Generation sowie Glykopeptid-Antibiotika. Wegen der Gefahr der Resistenzentwicklung und der Resistenz\u00fcbertragung von Tier auf Mensch sollte der Einsatz dieser Wirkstoffe in der Tierhaltung nur im Ausnahmefall stattfinden. Noch ist wenig dar\u00fcber bekannt, in welchen Mengen, bei welchen Nutztierspezies und f\u00fcr welche Indikationen diese Wirkstoffe in der Veterin\u00e4rmedizin eingesetzt werden. Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Studie wurden Daten zum Einsatz von Antibiotika aus dem Zeitraum 2008 bis 2011 von 75 konventionellen Schweinebetrieben ausgewertet. Die Datenerfassung erfolgte im Betrieb direkt durch den Landwirt. Der Antibiotikaeinsatz wurde in den Einheiten \u201eMenge an Wirksubstanz in [mg]\u201c und \u201eAnzahl an Tagesdosen\u201c gemessen, in Bezug zur K\u00f6rpermasse gesetzt und je Alterskategorie (Saugferkel, Aufzuchtferkel, Mastschweine lt; 60 kg, Mastschweine gt; 60 kg, Sauen, Eber), Wirksubstanzklasse und Indikation dargestellt. Der Schwerpunkt wurde dabei speziell auf die HPCIAs gelegt. Der Gesamt-Einsatz von HPCIAs in der Studienpopulation betrug 3,0 mg\/kg\/Jahr; 1,1 UDDkg\/kg\/Jahr; 0,2 ADDkg\/kg\/Jahr und 0,6 PrDDkg\/kg\/Jahr. Dies entspricht \u2013 abh\u00e4ngig von den genannten Einheiten \u2013 Anteilen von 9 %, 22 %, 12 % und 22 % am Gesamt-Antibiotikaeinsatz. In Mastbetrieben wurde die h\u00f6chste Menge an HPCIAs eingesetzt. Aufzuchtferkeln, Saugferkeln und Mastschweinen lt; 60 kg wurde der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Anteil der HPCIAs (nADDkg\/Jahr) appliziert. Ihr Einsatz spielte auch bei Saugferkeln eine gro\u00dfe Rolle (ungef\u00e4hr 40 % des Gesamt-Antibiotikaeinsatzes bei Saugferkeln). Von den HPCIAs kamen die Makrolide am h\u00e4ufigsten zum Einsatz. Sie wurden haupts\u00e4chlich bei Magen-\/Darmerkrankungen verschrieben. Eine nicht unerhebliche Menge an Makroliden wurde f\u00fcr metaphylaktische und prophylaktische Ma\u00dfnahmen eingesetzt<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/strong> Antibiotikaeinsatz, \u201ccritically important antimicrobials\u201d, Antibiotikaresistenz, Schwein, Tagesdosis<\/p>","primaryLanguage":"englisch","summary":"The World Health Organization lists antimicrobial substances which are essential for the treatment of specific infections in humans as \u201chighest priority critically important antimicrobials\u201d (HPCIAs): macrolides, fluoroquinolones, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins as well as glycopeptid antibacterials. The use of these substances in livestock husbandry should be restricted in order to minimise the risk of antimicrobial resistance. To date, there is little knowledge about the amounts of HPCIAs used in animal husbandry and the different animal species and diagnoses these antimicrobials are prescribed for. In a retrospective study, drug application data recorded from 2008 until 2011 from 75 conventional pig farms were evaluated. Data were assessed directly by the farmer at farm-level. The annual antimicrobial consumption was expressed in \u201cweight of active substance(s) in [mg]\u201d and \u201cnumber of Daily Doses\u201d. Results were referred to the animal biomass, evaluated per pig age class (piglets, weaners, fattening pigs lt; 60 kg biomass; fattening pigs gt; 60 kg biomass, sows, boars) and broken down to some variables such as the substance class and the therapy indication. The focus was especially laid on the HPCIAs. The total usage of the HPCIAs in the study population was on average 3.0 mg\/kg\/year; 1.1 UDDkg\/kg\/year; 0.2 ADDkg\/kg\/year and 0.6 PrDDkg\/kg\/year. This represents about 9%, 22%, 12% and 22% of total antimicrobial consumption, respectively, depending on the unit of measurement. Fattening farms showed the highest consumption of the named substances. The main part of the HPCIAs (nADDkg\/year) was applied to weaners, piglets and fattening pigs lt; 60 kg. They played an important role in the therapies of piglets (approximately 40% of the total antimicrobial consumption in piglets). Macrolides played the major role within the HPCIAs and were mainly used for digestive tract diseases. A not negligible portion of macrolides was prescribed for metaphylactic and prophylactic measures.<\/p>

","keywords":["antimicrobial consumption","critically important antimicrobials","antimicrobial resistance","pig","Daily Dose"],"zusammenfassung":"Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation hat antimikrobielle Substanzen, die f\u00fcr die Behandlung spezifischer Infektionen beim Menschen gebraucht werden, als \u201eWirkstoffe mit h\u00f6chster Priorit\u00e4t\u201c (\u201ehighest priority critically important antimicrobials\u201c \u2013 HPCIAs) eingestuft: Makrolide, Fluorchinolone, Cephalosporine der 3. und 4. Generation sowie Glykopeptid-Antibiotika. Wegen der Gefahr der Resistenzentwicklung und der Resistenz\u00fcbertragung von Tier auf Mensch sollte der Einsatz dieser Wirkstoffe in der Tierhaltung nur im Ausnahmefall stattfinden. Noch ist wenig dar\u00fcber bekannt, in welchen Mengen, bei welchen Nutztierspezies und f\u00fcr welche Indikationen diese Wirkstoffe in der Veterin\u00e4rmedizin eingesetzt werden. Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Studie wurden Daten zum Einsatz von Antibiotika aus dem Zeitraum 2008 bis 2011 von 75 konventionellen Schweinebetrieben ausgewertet. Die Datenerfassung erfolgte im Betrieb direkt durch den Landwirt. Der Antibiotikaeinsatz wurde in den Einheiten \u201eMenge an Wirksubstanz in [mg]\u201c und \u201eAnzahl an Tagesdosen\u201c gemessen, in Bezug zur K\u00f6rpermasse gesetzt und je Alterskategorie (Saugferkel, Aufzuchtferkel, Mastschweine lt; 60 kg, Mastschweine gt; 60 kg, Sauen, Eber), Wirksubstanzklasse und Indikation dargestellt. Der Schwerpunkt wurde dabei speziell auf die HPCIAs gelegt. Der Gesamt-Einsatz von HPCIAs in der Studienpopulation betrug 3,0 mg\/kg\/Jahr; 1,1 UDDkg\/kg\/Jahr; 0,2 ADDkg\/kg\/Jahr und 0,6 PrDDkg\/kg\/Jahr. Dies entspricht \u2013 abh\u00e4ngig von den genannten Einheiten \u2013 Anteilen von 9 %, 22 %, 12 % und 22 % am Gesamt-Antibiotikaeinsatz. In Mastbetrieben wurde die h\u00f6chste Menge an HPCIAs eingesetzt. Aufzuchtferkeln, Saugferkeln und Mastschweinen lt; 60 kg wurde der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Anteil der HPCIAs (nADDkg\/Jahr) appliziert. Ihr Einsatz spielte auch bei Saugferkeln eine gro\u00dfe Rolle (ungef\u00e4hr 40 % des Gesamt-Antibiotikaeinsatzes bei Saugferkeln). Von den HPCIAs kamen die Makrolide am h\u00e4ufigsten zum Einsatz. Sie wurden haupts\u00e4chlich bei Magen-\/Darmerkrankungen verschrieben. Eine nicht unerhebliche Menge an Makroliden wurde f\u00fcr metaphylaktische und prophylaktische Ma\u00dfnahmen eingesetzt<\/p>

","schluesselwoerter":["Antibiotikaeinsatz","\u201ccritically important antimicrobials\u201d","Antibiotikaresistenz","Schwein","Tagesdosis"],"translatedTitle":"Der Einsatz von \u201eHighest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials\u201c in 75 \u00f6sterreichischen Schweinebetrieben \u2013 Auswertung von betriebsbezogenen Arzneimitteldaten","abstractE":"The World Health Organization lists antimicrobial substances which are essential for the treatment of specific infections in humans as \u201chighest priority critically important antimicrobials\u201d (HPCIAs): macrolides, fluoroquinolones, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins as well as glycopeptid antibacterials. The use of these substances in livestock husbandry should be restricted in order to minimise the risk of antimicrobial resistance. To date, there is little knowledge about the amounts of HPCIAs used in animal husbandry and the different animal species and diagnoses these antimicrobials are prescribed for. In a retrospective study, drug application data recorded from 2008 until 2011 from 75 conventional pig farms were evaluated. Data were assessed directly by the farmer at farm-level. The annual antimicrobial consumption was expressed in \u201cweight of active substance(s) in [mg]\u201d and \u201cnumber of Daily Doses\u201d. Results were referred to the animal biomass, evaluated per pig age class (piglets, weaners, fattening pigs lt; 60 kg biomass; fattening pigs gt; 60 kg biomass, sows, boars) and broken down to some variables such as the substance class and the therapy indication. The focus was especially laid on the HPCIAs. The total usage of the HPCIAs in the study population was on average 3.0 mg\/kg\/year; 1.1 UDDkg\/kg\/year; 0.2 ADDkg\/kg\/year and 0.6 PrDDkg\/kg\/year. This represents about 9%, 22%, 12% and 22% of total antimicrobial consumption, respectively, depending on the unit of measurement. Fattening farms showed the highest consumption of the named substances. The main part of the HPCIAs (nADDkg\/year) was applied to weaners, piglets and fattening pigs lt; 60 kg. They played an important role in the therapies of piglets (approximately 40% of the total antimicrobial consumption in piglets). Macrolides played the major role within the HPCIAs and were mainly used for digestive tract diseases. A not negligible portion of macrolides was prescribed for metaphylactic and prophylactic measures.","date":{"year":2014,"date":"09\/2014","accepted":"2014-09-17"},"volume":"127","openAccess":true,"journal":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","titleImageId":944,"pages":"375-383","redirects":["the-use-of-the-highest-priority-critically-important-antimicrobials-in-75-austrian-pig-farms-evaluation-of-on-farm-drug-application-data\/150\/3216\/81232","the-use-of-the-highest-priority-critically-important-antimicrobials-in-75-austrian-pig-farms-evaluation-of-on-farm-drug-application-data\/150\/3130\/81232"],"tierartCategories":[],"artikelartCategories":["Open Access","Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel","Abostufe frei"]} CY - Hannover DA - 09/2014 DO - 10.2376/0005-9366-127-375 LA - English N2 - The World Health Organization lists antimicrobial substances which are essential for the treatment of specific infections in humans as “highest priority critically important antimicrobials” (HPCIAs): macrolides, fluoroquinolones, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins as well as glycopeptid antibacterials. The use of these substances in livestock husbandry should be restricted in order to minimise the risk of antimicrobial resistance. To date, there is little knowledge about the amounts of HPCIAs used in animal husbandry and the different animal species and diagnoses these antimicrobials are prescribed for. In a retrospective study, drug application data recorded from 2008 until 2011 from 75 conventional pig farms were evaluated. Data were assessed directly by the farmer at farm-level. The annual antimicrobial consumption was expressed in “weight of active substance(s) in [mg]” and “number of Daily Doses”. Results were referred to the animal biomass, evaluated per pig age class (piglets, weaners, fattening pigs lt; 60 kg biomass; fattening pigs gt; 60 kg biomass, sows, boars) and broken down to some variables such as the substance class and the therapy indication. The focus was especially laid on the HPCIAs. The total usage of the HPCIAs in the study population was on average 3.0 mg/kg/year; 1.1 UDDkg/kg/year; 0.2 ADDkg/kg/year and 0.6 PrDDkg/kg/year. This represents about 9%, 22%, 12% and 22% of total antimicrobial consumption, respectively, depending on the unit of measurement. Fattening farms showed the highest consumption of the named substances. The main part of the HPCIAs (nADDkg/year) was applied to weaners, piglets and fattening pigs lt; 60 kg. They played an important role in the therapies of piglets (approximately 40% of the total antimicrobial consumption in piglets). Macrolides played the major role within the HPCIAs and were mainly used for digestive tract diseases. A not negligible portion of macrolides was prescribed for metaphylactic and prophylactic measures. PB - Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG PP - Hannover PY - 2014 SP - 375 EP - 383 T1 - The use of the “Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials” in 75 Austrian pig farms – Evaluation of on-farm drug application data T2 - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift TI - The use of the “Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials” in 75 Austrian pig farms – Evaluation of on-farm drug application data TT - Der Einsatz von „Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials“ in 75 österreichischen Schweinebetrieben – Auswertung von betriebsbezogenen Arzneimitteldaten VL - 127 SN - 0005-9366 ER -