TY - JOUR KW - Lack of movement KW - pig production KW - stress KW - gestation KW - cortisol KW - acute phase proteins AU - M Kulok AU - K Wojtas AU - M Porowski AU - Z Pejsak AU - R Kołacz AB - Individual gestation crates (farm 1) were tested against group housing pens (farm 2) for pregnant sows in terms of stress and immune response in form of a practical pilot study on two different commercial farms. Influence of movement restriction on cortisol level, acute phase proteins and immune response was examined during the course of experiment. Sows were kept in two groups. Movement restriction group (MR, farm 1) that stayed in individual gestation crates that didn’t allow for any movement except laying down and standing up and Free movement group (FM, farm 2) that was housed in a group pen that allowed for exercise. At 30th, 98th, 100th and 135th day of experiment blood samples were collected and tested for cortisol, haptoglobin, c-reactive protein and plasma amyloid-a level. Additionally blood was tested for lymphocytes proliferation index value (IP) in response to concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and neutrophils chemotaxis level. Plasma cortisol level was significantly higher in MR group from 30th up to 100th day of the experiment. No significant changes in haptoglobine, c-reactive protein and amyloid-a was observed. All lymphocytes proliferation indexes (in response to ConA, PHA and PWM) were significantly lower in the MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. Neutrophils chemotaxis was significantly lower in MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. The data showed that movement restriction of pregnant sows in gestation crates stimulated several stress responses indicating compromised welfare and impaired immune response. The results should be verified in further controlled studies under identical farming conditions for both study groups. There is a need for more research of this type in order to support the development of more animal-friendly and healthy keeping systems for sows on a scientific basis. BT - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift C1 - {"oldId":105234,"title":"Effect of lack of movement in sows during pregnancy period on cortisol, acute phase proteins and lymphocytes proliferation level \u2013 a pilot study","topline":"","teaserText":"Auswirkungen von Bewegungsmangel bei tr\u00e4chtigen Sauen auf Cortisol, Akute-Phase-Proteine und das Niveau der Lymphozyten-Proliferation \u2013 eine Pilotstudie","content":"

Abstract<\/span>
Individual gestation crates (farm 1) were tested against group housing pens (farm 2) for pregnant sows in terms of stress and immune response in form of a practical pilot study on two different commercial farms. Influence of movement restriction on cortisol level, acute phase proteins and immune response was examined during the course of experiment. Sows were kept in two groups. Movement restriction group (MR, farm 1) that stayed in individual gestation crates that didn\u2019t allow for any movement except laying down and standing up and Free movement group (FM, farm 2) that was housed in a group pen that allowed for exercise. At 30th, 98th, 100th and 135th day of experiment blood samples were collected and tested for cortisol, haptoglobin, c-reactive protein and plasma amyloid-a level. Additionally blood was tested for lymphocytes proliferation index value (IP) in response to concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and neutrophils chemotaxis level. Plasma cortisol level was significantly higher in MR group from 30th up to 100th day of the experiment. No significant changes in haptoglobine, c-reactive protein and amyloid-a was observed. All lymphocytes proliferation indexes (in response to ConA, PHA and PWM) were significantly lower in the MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. Neutrophils chemotaxis was significantly lower in MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. The data showed that movement restriction of pregnant sows in gestation crates stimulated several stress responses indicating compromised welfare and impaired immune response. The results should be verified in further controlled studies under identical farming conditions for both study groups. There is a need for more research of this type in order to support the development of more animal-friendly and healthy keeping systems for sows on a scientific basis.<\/p>

Keywords<\/span>
Lack of movement, pig production, stress, gestation, cortisol, acute phase proteins<\/p>

Zusammenfassung<\/span>
Es wurde der Einfluss der Bewegungsbeschr\u00e4nkung bei tragenden Sauen in Kastenstandhaltung im Vergleich zur Gruppenhaltung auf die Cortisolkonzentration im Blutplasma, Akute-Phase-Proteine und die Immunantwort im Verlauf eines Pilotprojektes unter Praxisbedingungen auf zwei verschiedenen Farmen untersucht. 10 tragende Sauen wurden auf Farm 1 einzeln in typischen Kastenst\u00e4nden gehalten (Gruppe MR, Movement restriction). Die 10 tragenden Sauen der Gruppe FM (Free Movement) waren auf Farm 2 in einer Bucht untergebracht, in der sie sich frei bewegen konnten. Am 30., 98., 100. und 135. Tag des Experiments wurden Blutproben genommen und auf Cortisol, Haptoglobin, C-reaktives Protein und Plasma-Amyloid-Niveau getestet. Zus\u00e4tzlich wurde Blut f\u00fcr den Lymphozyten-Proliferationsindex als Antwort auf der Concanavalin-A(ConA)-, Phytoh\u00e4magglutinin(PHA)-, pokeweed mitogen(PWM)- und Neutrophilen-Chemotaxis-Ebene getestet. Die Plasma-Cortisol-Spiegel waren in der MR-Gruppe signifikant h\u00f6her vom 30. bis zum 100. Tag des Experiments. Keine signifikanten Ver\u00e4nderungen wurden bei den Parametern Haptoglobine, C-reaktives Protein und Amyloid A festgestellt. Alle Lymphozyten-Proliferationsindizes (als Antwort auf ConA, PHA und PWM) waren in der MR-Gruppe signifikant geringer vom
30. bis zum 98. Tag des Experiments. Neutrophilen-Chemotaxis lag in der MR-Gruppe signifikant niedriger vom 30. bis zum 98. Tag des Experiments. Die Befunddaten lassen erkennen, dass die unter Bewegungseinschr\u00e4nkungen in den Kastenst\u00e4nden gehaltenen Sauen deutliche Stressreaktionen in Form von h\u00f6herer Cortisol-Aussch\u00fcttung zeigten und eine geringere Immunkompetenz aufwiesen als die in der Gruppe gehaltenen tragenden Sauen. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass die Beengung in den Kastenst\u00e4nden offenbar geeignet ist, sowohl das Wohlbefinden der Tiere als auch ihre Immunantwort negativ zu beeinflussen. Diese unter Praxisbedingungen in der Pilotstudie erhaltenen Ergebnisse sollten durch weitere kontrollierte Studien unter identischen Betriebsbedingungen f\u00fcr beide Gruppen vertieft werden. Die vorl\u00e4ufigen Befunde zeigen jedoch die Notwendigkeit weiterer Untersuchungen dieser Art an, um die Entwicklung tiergerechter und ges\u00fcnderer Haltungssysteme f\u00fcr Sauen auf wissenschaftlicher Basis zu begleiten und zu unterst\u00fctzen.<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter<\/span>
Bewegungsarmut, Schweineproduktion, Stress, Tr\u00e4chtigkeit, Cortisol, Akute-Phase-Proteine<\/p>","categories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"],"fromDate":"Nov 7, 2017 12:53:20 PM","oldUrls":["http:\/\/vetline.de\/effect-of-lack-of-movement-in-sows-during-pregnancy-period-on-cortisol-acute-phase-proteins-and-lymphocytes-proliferation-level-a-pilot-study\/150\/3130\/105234"],"doiLanguage":"englisch","doiProductFormat":"online","doiPublisher":"Schl\u00fctersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG","doiSerialWorkTitle":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochensch","doiDocumentUri":"https:\/\/vetline.de\/files\/smfiledata\/6\/8\/8\/7\/1\/6\/BMW_AOP_16005_Kulok_onl300.pdf","doiSource":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochensch","doiissn":"0005-9366","doiNr":"10.2376\/0005-9366-16005","doiFirstPage":".","doiLastPage":"..","doiTransmitted":true,"doiAuthor":"Kulok M, Wojtas K, Porowski M, Pejsak Z, Ko\u0142acz R","pdf":{"path":"http:\/\/data\/BMW_AOP_16005_Kulok_onl300.pdf","title":"BMW AOP 16005 Kulok","description":"Effect of lack of movement in sows during pregnancy period on cortisol, acute phase \r\nproteins and lymphocytes proliferation level \u2013 a pilot study"},"authors":[{"firstName":"M","middleName":"","lastName":"Kulok"},{"firstName":"K","middleName":"","lastName":"Wojtas"},{"firstName":"M","middleName":"","lastName":"Porowski"},{"firstName":"Z","middleName":"","lastName":"Pejsak"},{"firstName":"R","middleName":"","lastName":"Ko\u0142acz"}],"contentOptimised":"

Summary<\/strong>
Individual gestation crates (farm 1) were tested against group housing pens (farm 2) for pregnant sows in terms of stress and immune response in form of a practical pilot study on two different commercial farms. Influence of movement restriction on cortisol level, acute phase proteins and immune response was examined during the course of experiment. Sows were kept in two groups. Movement restriction group (MR, farm 1) that stayed in individual gestation crates that didn\u2019t allow for any movement except laying down and standing up and Free movement group (FM, farm 2) that was housed in a group pen that allowed for exercise. At 30th, 98th, 100th and 135th day of experiment blood samples were collected and tested for cortisol, haptoglobin, c-reactive protein and plasma amyloid-a level. Additionally blood was tested for lymphocytes proliferation index value (IP) in response to concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and neutrophils chemotaxis level. Plasma cortisol level was significantly higher in MR group from 30th up to 100th day of the experiment. No significant changes in haptoglobine, c-reactive protein and amyloid-a was observed. All lymphocytes proliferation indexes (in response to ConA, PHA and PWM) were significantly lower in the MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. Neutrophils chemotaxis was significantly lower in MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. The data showed that movement restriction of pregnant sows in gestation crates stimulated several stress responses indicating compromised welfare and impaired immune response. The results should be verified in further controlled studies under identical farming conditions for both study groups. There is a need for more research of this type in order to support the development of more animal-friendly and healthy keeping systems for sows on a scientific basis.<\/p>

Keywords:<\/strong>
Lack of movement, pig production, stress, gestation, cortisol, acute phase proteins<\/p>

Zusammenfassung<\/strong>
Es wurde der Einfluss der Bewegungsbeschr\u00e4nkung bei tragenden Sauen in Kastenstandhaltung im Vergleich zur Gruppenhaltung auf die Cortisolkonzentration im Blutplasma, Akute-Phase-Proteine und die Immunantwort im Verlauf eines Pilotprojektes unter Praxisbedingungen auf zwei verschiedenen Farmen untersucht. 10 tragende Sauen wurden auf Farm 1 einzeln in typischen Kastenst\u00e4nden gehalten (Gruppe MR, Movement restriction). Die 10 tragenden Sauen der Gruppe FM (Free Movement) waren auf Farm 2 in einer Bucht untergebracht, in der sie sich frei bewegen konnten. Am 30., 98., 100. und 135. Tag des Experiments wurden Blutproben genommen und auf Cortisol, Haptoglobin, C-reaktives Protein und Plasma-Amyloid-Niveau getestet. Zus\u00e4tzlich wurde Blut f\u00fcr den Lymphozyten-Proliferationsindex als Antwort auf der Concanavalin-A(ConA)-, Phytoh\u00e4magglutinin(PHA)-, pokeweed mitogen(PWM)- und Neutrophilen-Chemotaxis-Ebene getestet. Die Plasma-Cortisol-Spiegel waren in der MR-Gruppe signifikant h\u00f6her vom 30. bis zum 100. Tag des Experiments. Keine signifikanten Ver\u00e4nderungen wurden bei den Parametern Haptoglobine, C-reaktives Protein und Amyloid A festgestellt. Alle Lymphozyten-Proliferationsindizes (als Antwort auf ConA, PHA und PWM) waren in der MR-Gruppe signifikant geringer vom
30. bis zum 98. Tag des Experiments. Neutrophilen-Chemotaxis lag in der MR-Gruppe signifikant niedriger vom 30. bis zum 98. Tag des Experiments. Die Befunddaten lassen erkennen, dass die unter Bewegungseinschr\u00e4nkungen in den Kastenst\u00e4nden gehaltenen Sauen deutliche Stressreaktionen in Form von h\u00f6herer Cortisol-Aussch\u00fcttung zeigten und eine geringere Immunkompetenz aufwiesen als die in der Gruppe gehaltenen tragenden Sauen. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass die Beengung in den Kastenst\u00e4nden offenbar geeignet ist, sowohl das Wohlbefinden der Tiere als auch ihre Immunantwort negativ zu beeinflussen. Diese unter Praxisbedingungen in der Pilotstudie erhaltenen Ergebnisse sollten durch weitere kontrollierte Studien unter identischen Betriebsbedingungen f\u00fcr beide Gruppen vertieft werden. Die vorl\u00e4ufigen Befunde zeigen jedoch die Notwendigkeit weiterer Untersuchungen dieser Art an, um die Entwicklung tiergerechter und ges\u00fcnderer Haltungssysteme f\u00fcr Sauen auf wissenschaftlicher Basis zu begleiten und zu unterst\u00fctzen.<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/strong>
Bewegungsarmut, Schweineproduktion, Stress, Tr\u00e4chtigkeit, Cortisol, Akute-Phase-Proteine<\/p>","primaryLanguage":"englisch","summary":"Individual gestation crates (farm 1) were tested against group housing pens (farm 2) for pregnant sows in terms of stress and immune response in form of a practical pilot study on two different commercial farms. Influence of movement restriction on cortisol level, acute phase proteins and immune response was examined during the course of experiment. Sows were kept in two groups. Movement restriction group (MR, farm 1) that stayed in individual gestation crates that didn\u2019t allow for any movement except laying down and standing up and Free movement group (FM, farm 2) that was housed in a group pen that allowed for exercise. At 30th, 98th, 100th and 135th day of experiment blood samples were collected and tested for cortisol, haptoglobin, c-reactive protein and plasma amyloid-a level. Additionally blood was tested for lymphocytes proliferation index value (IP) in response to concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and neutrophils chemotaxis level. Plasma cortisol level was significantly higher in MR group from 30th up to 100th day of the experiment. No significant changes in haptoglobine, c-reactive protein and amyloid-a was observed. All lymphocytes proliferation indexes (in response to ConA, PHA and PWM) were significantly lower in the MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. Neutrophils chemotaxis was significantly lower in MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. The data showed that movement restriction of pregnant sows in gestation crates stimulated several stress responses indicating compromised welfare and impaired immune response. The results should be verified in further controlled studies under identical farming conditions for both study groups. There is a need for more research of this type in order to support the development of more animal-friendly and healthy keeping systems for sows on a scientific basis.<\/p>

","keywords":["Lack of movement","pig production","stress","gestation","cortisol","acute phase proteins"],"zusammenfassung":"Es wurde der Einfluss der Bewegungsbeschr\u00e4nkung bei tragenden Sauen in Kastenstandhaltung im Vergleich zur Gruppenhaltung auf die Cortisolkonzentration im Blutplasma, Akute-Phase-Proteine und die Immunantwort im Verlauf eines Pilotprojektes unter Praxisbedingungen auf zwei verschiedenen Farmen untersucht. 10 tragende Sauen wurden auf Farm 1 einzeln in typischen Kastenst\u00e4nden gehalten (Gruppe MR, Movement restriction). Die 10 tragenden Sauen der Gruppe FM (Free Movement) waren auf Farm 2 in einer Bucht untergebracht, in der sie sich frei bewegen konnten. Am 30., 98., 100. und 135. Tag des Experiments wurden Blutproben genommen und auf Cortisol, Haptoglobin, C-reaktives Protein und Plasma-Amyloid-Niveau getestet. Zus\u00e4tzlich wurde Blut f\u00fcr den Lymphozyten-Proliferationsindex als Antwort auf der Concanavalin-A(ConA)-, Phytoh\u00e4magglutinin(PHA)-, pokeweed mitogen(PWM)- und Neutrophilen-Chemotaxis-Ebene getestet. Die Plasma-Cortisol-Spiegel waren in der MR-Gruppe signifikant h\u00f6her vom 30. bis zum 100. Tag des Experiments. Keine signifikanten Ver\u00e4nderungen wurden bei den Parametern Haptoglobine, C-reaktives Protein und Amyloid A festgestellt. Alle Lymphozyten-Proliferationsindizes (als Antwort auf ConA, PHA und PWM) waren in der MR-Gruppe signifikant geringer vom
30. bis zum 98. Tag des Experiments. Neutrophilen-Chemotaxis lag in der MR-Gruppe signifikant niedriger vom 30. bis zum 98. Tag des Experiments. Die Befunddaten lassen erkennen, dass die unter Bewegungseinschr\u00e4nkungen in den Kastenst\u00e4nden gehaltenen Sauen deutliche Stressreaktionen in Form von h\u00f6herer Cortisol-Aussch\u00fcttung zeigten und eine geringere Immunkompetenz aufwiesen als die in der Gruppe gehaltenen tragenden Sauen. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass die Beengung in den Kastenst\u00e4nden offenbar geeignet ist, sowohl das Wohlbefinden der Tiere als auch ihre Immunantwort negativ zu beeinflussen. Diese unter Praxisbedingungen in der Pilotstudie erhaltenen Ergebnisse sollten durch weitere kontrollierte Studien unter identischen Betriebsbedingungen f\u00fcr beide Gruppen vertieft werden. Die vorl\u00e4ufigen Befunde zeigen jedoch die Notwendigkeit weiterer Untersuchungen dieser Art an, um die Entwicklung tiergerechter und ges\u00fcnderer Haltungssysteme f\u00fcr Sauen auf wissenschaftlicher Basis zu begleiten und zu unterst\u00fctzen.<\/p>

","schluesselwoerter":["Bewegungsarmut","Schweineproduktion","Stress","Tr\u00e4chtigkeit","Cortisol","Akute-Phase-Proteine"],"translatedTitle":"Auswirkungen von Bewegungsmangel bei tr\u00e4chtigen Sauen auf Cortisol, Akute-Phase-Proteine und das Niveau der Lymphozyten-Proliferation \u2013 eine Pilotstudie","abstractE":"Individual gestation crates (farm 1) were tested against group housing pens (farm 2) for pregnant sows in terms of stress and immune response in form of a practical pilot study on two different commercial farms. Influence of movement restriction on cortisol level, acute phase proteins and immune response was examined during the course of experiment. Sows were kept in two groups. Movement restriction group (MR, farm 1) that stayed in individual gestation crates that didn\u2019t allow for any movement except laying down and standing up and Free movement group (FM, farm 2) that was housed in a group pen that allowed for exercise. At 30th, 98th, 100th and 135th day of experiment blood samples were collected and tested for cortisol, haptoglobin, c-reactive protein and plasma amyloid-a level. Additionally blood was tested for lymphocytes proliferation index value (IP) in response to concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and neutrophils chemotaxis level. Plasma cortisol level was significantly higher in MR group from 30th up to 100th day of the experiment. No significant changes in haptoglobine, c-reactive protein and amyloid-a was observed. All lymphocytes proliferation indexes (in response to ConA, PHA and PWM) were significantly lower in the MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. Neutrophils chemotaxis was significantly lower in MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. The data showed that movement restriction of pregnant sows in gestation crates stimulated several stress responses indicating compromised welfare and impaired immune response. The results should be verified in further controlled studies under identical farming conditions for both study groups. There is a need for more research of this type in order to support the development of more animal-friendly and healthy keeping systems for sows on a scientific basis.","date":{"year":2017,"date":"11\/2017","accepted":"2017-11-07"},"volume":130,"openAccess":false,"journal":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","titleImageId":944,"pages":"","redirects":["effect-of-lack-of-movement-in-sows-during-pregnancy-period-on-cortisol-acute-phase-proteins-and-lymphocytes-proliferation-level-a-pilot-study\/150\/3130\/105234"],"tierartCategories":[],"artikelartCategories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"]} CY - Hannover DA - 11/2017 DO - 10.2376/0005-9366-16005 LA - English N2 - Individual gestation crates (farm 1) were tested against group housing pens (farm 2) for pregnant sows in terms of stress and immune response in form of a practical pilot study on two different commercial farms. Influence of movement restriction on cortisol level, acute phase proteins and immune response was examined during the course of experiment. Sows were kept in two groups. Movement restriction group (MR, farm 1) that stayed in individual gestation crates that didn’t allow for any movement except laying down and standing up and Free movement group (FM, farm 2) that was housed in a group pen that allowed for exercise. At 30th, 98th, 100th and 135th day of experiment blood samples were collected and tested for cortisol, haptoglobin, c-reactive protein and plasma amyloid-a level. Additionally blood was tested for lymphocytes proliferation index value (IP) in response to concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and neutrophils chemotaxis level. Plasma cortisol level was significantly higher in MR group from 30th up to 100th day of the experiment. No significant changes in haptoglobine, c-reactive protein and amyloid-a was observed. All lymphocytes proliferation indexes (in response to ConA, PHA and PWM) were significantly lower in the MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. Neutrophils chemotaxis was significantly lower in MR group from 30th up to 98th day of experiment. The data showed that movement restriction of pregnant sows in gestation crates stimulated several stress responses indicating compromised welfare and impaired immune response. The results should be verified in further controlled studies under identical farming conditions for both study groups. There is a need for more research of this type in order to support the development of more animal-friendly and healthy keeping systems for sows on a scientific basis. PB - Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG PP - Hannover PY - 2017 T1 - Effect of lack of movement in sows during pregnancy period on cortisol, acute phase proteins and lymphocytes proliferation level – a pilot study T2 - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift TI - Effect of lack of movement in sows during pregnancy period on cortisol, acute phase proteins and lymphocytes proliferation level – a pilot study TT - Auswirkungen von Bewegungsmangel bei trächtigen Sauen auf Cortisol, Akute-Phase-Proteine und das Niveau der Lymphozyten-Proliferation – eine Pilotstudie VL - 130 SN - 0005-9366 ER -