TY - JOUR KW - bacterial infection KW - mycosis KW - opportunistic infection KW - genetically modified mice KW - immunodeficiency KW - pathology AU - L Benga AU - W Benten AU - E Engelhardt AU - C Gougoula AU - M Sager AB - The impact of particular microbes on genetically engineered mice depends on the genotype and the environment. Infections resulting in clinical disease have an obvious impact on animal welfare and experimentation. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal aetiology of spontaneous clinical disease of infectious origin among the genetically engineered mice from our institution in relation to their genotype. A total of 63 mice belonging to 33 different mice strains, from severe immunodeficient to wild-type, were found to display infections as the primary cause leading to their euthanasia. The necropsies revealed abscesses localized subcutaneously as well as in the kidney, preputial glands, seminal vesicles, in the uterus, umbilicus or in the lung. In addition, pneumonia, endometritis and septicaemia cases were recorded. Escherichia coli was involved in 21 of 44 (47.72%) of the lesions of bacterial origin, whereas [Pasteurella] pneumotropica was isolated from 19 of 44 (43.18%) cases. The infections with the two agents mentioned above included three cases of mixed infection with both pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus was considered responsible for five of 44 (11.36%) cases whereas Enterobacter cloacae was found to cause lesions in two of 44 (4.54%) mice. Overall, 16 of the 44 (36.36%) cases of bacterial aetiology affected genetically engineered mice without any explicit immunodeficiency or wild-type strains. The remaining 19 cases of interstitial pneumonia were caused by Pneumocystis murina. In conclusion, the susceptibility of genetically modified mice to opportunistic infections has to be regarded with precaution, regardless of the type of genetic modification performed. Beside the classical opportunists, such as [Pasteurella] pneumotropica and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli should as well be closely monitored to evaluate whether it represents an emerging pathogen in the laboratory mouse. BT - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift C1 - {"oldId":88683,"title":"Spontaneous bacterial and fungal infections in genetically engineered mice: Is Escherichia coli an emerging pathogen in laboratory mouse?","topline":"","teaserText":"Spontane Bakterien- und Pilzinfektionen in gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderten M\u00e4usen: Ist Escherichia coli ein Pathogen mit zunehmender Bedeutung f\u00fcr die Labormaus?","content":"

Summary<\/span>
The impact of particular microbes on genetically engineered mice depends on the genotype and the environment. Infections resulting in clinical disease have an obvious impact on animal welfare and experimentation. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal aetiology of spontaneous clinical disease of infectious origin among the genetically engineered mice from our institution in relation to their genotype. A total of 63 mice belonging to 33 different mice strains, from severe immunodeficient to wild-type, were found to display infections as the primary cause leading to their euthanasia. The necropsies revealed abscesses localized subcutaneously as well as in the kidney, preputial glands, seminal vesicles, in the uterus, umbilicus or in the lung. In addition, pneumonia, endometritis and septicaemia cases were recorded. Escherichia coli was involved in 21 of 44 (47.72%) of the lesions of bacterial origin, whereas [Pasteurella] pneumotropica was isolated from 19 of 44 (43.18%) cases. The infections with the two agents mentioned above included three cases of mixed infection with both pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus was considered responsible for five of 44 (11.36%) cases whereas Enterobacter cloacae was found to cause lesions in two of 44 (4.54%) mice. Overall, 16 of the 44 (36.36%) cases of bacterial aetiology affected genetically engineered mice without any explicit immunodeficiency or wild-type strains. The remaining 19 cases of interstitial pneumonia were caused by Pneumocystis murina. In conclusion, the susceptibility of genetically modified mice to opportunistic infections has to be regarded with precaution, regardless of the type of genetic modification performed. Beside the classical opportunists, such as [Pasteurella] pneumotropica and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli should as well be closely monitored to evaluate whether it represents an emerging pathogen in the laboratory mouse.<\/p>

Keywords<\/span>
bacterial infection, mycosis, opportunistic infection, genetically modified mice, immunodeficiency, pathology<\/p>

Zusammenfassung<\/span>
Die Bedeutung einzelner Mikroorganismen f\u00fcr gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderte M\u00e4use ist vom Genotyp der Maus und der Umwelt abh\u00e4ngig. Infektionen, die zu klinischen Erkrankungen f\u00fchren, haben einen offensichtlichen Einfluss auf das Wohlergehen der Tiere und die tierexperimentellen Arbeiten. In dieser Studie untersuchten wir in unserer Einrichtung die \u00c4tiologie von spontanen klinischen Erkrankungen infekti\u00f6sen Ursprungs, verursacht durch Bakterien oder Pilze, in gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderten M\u00e4usen in Bezug auf deren Genotyp. Insgesamt 63 M\u00e4use, die zu 33 unterschiedlichen Mausst\u00e4mmen geh\u00f6rten, von stark immundefizient bis Wildtyp, wiesen Infektionen auf, die der urs\u00e4chliche Grund f\u00fcr ihre Euthanasie waren. Die Sektionen zeigten sowohl subkutane Abszesse als auch Abszesse in Niere, Pr\u00e4putialdr\u00fcse, Samenblase, Geb\u00e4rmutter, Nabelschnur oder Lunge. Zudem wurden F\u00e4lle von Lungenentz\u00fcndung, Geb\u00e4rmutterschleimhautentz\u00fcndung und Sepsis beobachtet. Escherichia coli war an 21 von 44 (47,72 %) L\u00e4sionen bakteriellen Ursprungs beteiligt, w\u00e4hrend [Pasteurella] pneumotropica in 19 von 44 (43,18 %) F\u00e4llen isoliert werden konnte. Die Infektionen mit den beiden oben erw\u00e4hnten Erregern enthalten auch drei F\u00e4lle von Mischinfektion mit beiden Pathogenen. Staphylococcus aureus wurde f\u00fcr f\u00fcnf der 44 (11,36 %) F\u00e4lle verantwortlich gemacht, w\u00e4hrend Enterobacter cloacae in zwei von 44 (4,54 %) M\u00e4usen L\u00e4sionen verursachte. Insgesamt wurden bakterielle Krankheitsursachen bei 16 von 44 (36,36 %) F\u00e4llen in gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderten M\u00e4usen ohne explizite Immundefizienz oder in Wildtypst\u00e4mmen gefunden. Die restlichen 19 F\u00e4lle von interstitieller Pneumonie wurden durch Pneumocystis murina verursacht. Zusammenfassend muss die Empf\u00e4nglichkeit von gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderten M\u00e4usen gegen\u00fcber opportunistischen Infektionen kontinuierlich betrachtet werden, unabh\u00e4ngig von der vorliegenden genetischen Ver\u00e4nderung. Neben den klassischen Opportunisten, wie [Pasteurella] pneumotropica und Staphylococcus aureus, sollte auch Escherichia coli in langfristigen Monitoringprogrammen erfasst werden, um die Bedeutung dieses Erregers beurteilen zu k\u00f6nnen.<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter<\/span>
Bakterielle Infektion, Pilzinfektion, Opportunisteninfektion, gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderte Maus, Immundefizienz, Pathologie<\/p>","categories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"],"fromDate":"Jul 7, 2015 10:00:00 PM","oldUrls":["http:\/\/vetline.de\/spontaneous-bacterial-and-fungal-infections-in-genetically-engineered-mice-is-escherichia-coli-an-emerging-pathogen-in-laboratory-mouse\/150\/3130\/88683"],"doiLanguage":"englisch","doiProductFormat":"online","doiPublisher":"Schl\u00fctersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG","doiSerialWorkTitle":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","doiDocumentUri":"http:\/\/www.vetline.de\/spontaneous-bacterial-and-fungal-infections-in-genetically-engineered-mice-is-escherichia-coli-an-emerging-pathogen-in-laboratory-mouse\/150\/3130\/88683\/","doiSource":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochenschr 128, 278\u2013284 (2015) ","doiissn":"0005-9366","doiNr":"10.2376\/0005-9366-128-278","doiFirstPage":"278","doiLastPage":"284","doiTransmitted":true,"doiAuthor":"Benga L, Benten W, Engelhardt E, Gougoula C, Sager M","pdf":{"path":"http:\/\/data\/BMW_2015_07_08_0278.pdf","title":"BMW_2015_07_08_0278.pdf","description":"Spontaneous bacterial and fungal infections in genetically engineered mice: Is Escherichia coli an emerging pathogen in laboratory mouse?"},"authors":[{"firstName":"L","middleName":"","lastName":"Benga"},{"firstName":"W","middleName":"","lastName":"Benten"},{"firstName":"E","middleName":"","lastName":"Engelhardt"},{"firstName":"C","middleName":"","lastName":"Gougoula"},{"firstName":"M","middleName":"","lastName":"Sager"}],"contentOptimised":"

Summary<\/strong>
The impact of particular microbes on genetically engineered mice depends on the genotype and the environment. Infections resulting in clinical disease have an obvious impact on animal welfare and experimentation. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal aetiology of spontaneous clinical disease of infectious origin among the genetically engineered mice from our institution in relation to their genotype. A total of 63 mice belonging to 33 different mice strains, from severe immunodeficient to wild-type, were found to display infections as the primary cause leading to their euthanasia. The necropsies revealed abscesses localized subcutaneously as well as in the kidney, preputial glands, seminal vesicles, in the uterus, umbilicus or in the lung. In addition, pneumonia, endometritis and septicaemia cases were recorded. Escherichia coli was involved in 21 of 44 (47.72%) of the lesions of bacterial origin, whereas [Pasteurella] pneumotropica was isolated from 19 of 44 (43.18%) cases. The infections with the two agents mentioned above included three cases of mixed infection with both pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus was considered responsible for five of 44 (11.36%) cases whereas Enterobacter cloacae was found to cause lesions in two of 44 (4.54%) mice. Overall, 16 of the 44 (36.36%) cases of bacterial aetiology affected genetically engineered mice without any explicit immunodeficiency or wild-type strains. The remaining 19 cases of interstitial pneumonia were caused by Pneumocystis murina. In conclusion, the susceptibility of genetically modified mice to opportunistic infections has to be regarded with precaution, regardless of the type of genetic modification performed. Beside the classical opportunists, such as [Pasteurella] pneumotropica and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli should as well be closely monitored to evaluate whether it represents an emerging pathogen in the laboratory mouse.<\/p>

Keywords:<\/strong>
bacterial infection, mycosis, opportunistic infection, genetically modified mice, immunodeficiency, pathology<\/p>

Zusammenfassung<\/strong>
Die Bedeutung einzelner Mikroorganismen f\u00fcr gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderte M\u00e4use ist vom Genotyp der Maus und der Umwelt abh\u00e4ngig. Infektionen, die zu klinischen Erkrankungen f\u00fchren, haben einen offensichtlichen Einfluss auf das Wohlergehen der Tiere und die tierexperimentellen Arbeiten. In dieser Studie untersuchten wir in unserer Einrichtung die \u00c4tiologie von spontanen klinischen Erkrankungen infekti\u00f6sen Ursprungs, verursacht durch Bakterien oder Pilze, in gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderten M\u00e4usen in Bezug auf deren Genotyp. Insgesamt 63 M\u00e4use, die zu 33 unterschiedlichen Mausst\u00e4mmen geh\u00f6rten, von stark immundefizient bis Wildtyp, wiesen Infektionen auf, die der urs\u00e4chliche Grund f\u00fcr ihre Euthanasie waren. Die Sektionen zeigten sowohl subkutane Abszesse als auch Abszesse in Niere, Pr\u00e4putialdr\u00fcse, Samenblase, Geb\u00e4rmutter, Nabelschnur oder Lunge. Zudem wurden F\u00e4lle von Lungenentz\u00fcndung, Geb\u00e4rmutterschleimhautentz\u00fcndung und Sepsis beobachtet. Escherichia coli war an 21 von 44 (47,72 %) L\u00e4sionen bakteriellen Ursprungs beteiligt, w\u00e4hrend [Pasteurella] pneumotropica in 19 von 44 (43,18 %) F\u00e4llen isoliert werden konnte. Die Infektionen mit den beiden oben erw\u00e4hnten Erregern enthalten auch drei F\u00e4lle von Mischinfektion mit beiden Pathogenen. Staphylococcus aureus wurde f\u00fcr f\u00fcnf der 44 (11,36 %) F\u00e4lle verantwortlich gemacht, w\u00e4hrend Enterobacter cloacae in zwei von 44 (4,54 %) M\u00e4usen L\u00e4sionen verursachte. Insgesamt wurden bakterielle Krankheitsursachen bei 16 von 44 (36,36 %) F\u00e4llen in gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderten M\u00e4usen ohne explizite Immundefizienz oder in Wildtypst\u00e4mmen gefunden. Die restlichen 19 F\u00e4lle von interstitieller Pneumonie wurden durch Pneumocystis murina verursacht. Zusammenfassend muss die Empf\u00e4nglichkeit von gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderten M\u00e4usen gegen\u00fcber opportunistischen Infektionen kontinuierlich betrachtet werden, unabh\u00e4ngig von der vorliegenden genetischen Ver\u00e4nderung. Neben den klassischen Opportunisten, wie [Pasteurella] pneumotropica und Staphylococcus aureus, sollte auch Escherichia coli in langfristigen Monitoringprogrammen erfasst werden, um die Bedeutung dieses Erregers beurteilen zu k\u00f6nnen.<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/strong>
Bakterielle Infektion, Pilzinfektion, Opportunisteninfektion, gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderte Maus, Immundefizienz, Pathologie<\/p>","primaryLanguage":"englisch","summary":"The impact of particular microbes on genetically engineered mice depends on the genotype and the environment. Infections resulting in clinical disease have an obvious impact on animal welfare and experimentation. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal aetiology of spontaneous clinical disease of infectious origin among the genetically engineered mice from our institution in relation to their genotype. A total of 63 mice belonging to 33 different mice strains, from severe immunodeficient to wild-type, were found to display infections as the primary cause leading to their euthanasia. The necropsies revealed abscesses localized subcutaneously as well as in the kidney, preputial glands, seminal vesicles, in the uterus, umbilicus or in the lung. In addition, pneumonia, endometritis and septicaemia cases were recorded. Escherichia coli was involved in 21 of 44 (47.72%) of the lesions of bacterial origin, whereas [Pasteurella] pneumotropica was isolated from 19 of 44 (43.18%) cases. The infections with the two agents mentioned above included three cases of mixed infection with both pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus was considered responsible for five of 44 (11.36%) cases whereas Enterobacter cloacae was found to cause lesions in two of 44 (4.54%) mice. Overall, 16 of the 44 (36.36%) cases of bacterial aetiology affected genetically engineered mice without any explicit immunodeficiency or wild-type strains. The remaining 19 cases of interstitial pneumonia were caused by Pneumocystis murina. In conclusion, the susceptibility of genetically modified mice to opportunistic infections has to be regarded with precaution, regardless of the type of genetic modification performed. Beside the classical opportunists, such as [Pasteurella] pneumotropica and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli should as well be closely monitored to evaluate whether it represents an emerging pathogen in the laboratory mouse.<\/p>

","keywords":["bacterial infection","mycosis","opportunistic infection","genetically modified mice","immunodeficiency","pathology"],"zusammenfassung":"Die Bedeutung einzelner Mikroorganismen f\u00fcr gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderte M\u00e4use ist vom Genotyp der Maus und der Umwelt abh\u00e4ngig. Infektionen, die zu klinischen Erkrankungen f\u00fchren, haben einen offensichtlichen Einfluss auf das Wohlergehen der Tiere und die tierexperimentellen Arbeiten. In dieser Studie untersuchten wir in unserer Einrichtung die \u00c4tiologie von spontanen klinischen Erkrankungen infekti\u00f6sen Ursprungs, verursacht durch Bakterien oder Pilze, in gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderten M\u00e4usen in Bezug auf deren Genotyp. Insgesamt 63 M\u00e4use, die zu 33 unterschiedlichen Mausst\u00e4mmen geh\u00f6rten, von stark immundefizient bis Wildtyp, wiesen Infektionen auf, die der urs\u00e4chliche Grund f\u00fcr ihre Euthanasie waren. Die Sektionen zeigten sowohl subkutane Abszesse als auch Abszesse in Niere, Pr\u00e4putialdr\u00fcse, Samenblase, Geb\u00e4rmutter, Nabelschnur oder Lunge. Zudem wurden F\u00e4lle von Lungenentz\u00fcndung, Geb\u00e4rmutterschleimhautentz\u00fcndung und Sepsis beobachtet. Escherichia coli war an 21 von 44 (47,72 %) L\u00e4sionen bakteriellen Ursprungs beteiligt, w\u00e4hrend [Pasteurella] pneumotropica in 19 von 44 (43,18 %) F\u00e4llen isoliert werden konnte. Die Infektionen mit den beiden oben erw\u00e4hnten Erregern enthalten auch drei F\u00e4lle von Mischinfektion mit beiden Pathogenen. Staphylococcus aureus wurde f\u00fcr f\u00fcnf der 44 (11,36 %) F\u00e4lle verantwortlich gemacht, w\u00e4hrend Enterobacter cloacae in zwei von 44 (4,54 %) M\u00e4usen L\u00e4sionen verursachte. Insgesamt wurden bakterielle Krankheitsursachen bei 16 von 44 (36,36 %) F\u00e4llen in gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderten M\u00e4usen ohne explizite Immundefizienz oder in Wildtypst\u00e4mmen gefunden. Die restlichen 19 F\u00e4lle von interstitieller Pneumonie wurden durch Pneumocystis murina verursacht. Zusammenfassend muss die Empf\u00e4nglichkeit von gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderten M\u00e4usen gegen\u00fcber opportunistischen Infektionen kontinuierlich betrachtet werden, unabh\u00e4ngig von der vorliegenden genetischen Ver\u00e4nderung. Neben den klassischen Opportunisten, wie [Pasteurella] pneumotropica und Staphylococcus aureus, sollte auch Escherichia coli in langfristigen Monitoringprogrammen erfasst werden, um die Bedeutung dieses Erregers beurteilen zu k\u00f6nnen.<\/p>

","schluesselwoerter":["Bakterielle Infektion","Pilzinfektion","Opportunisteninfektion","gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderte Maus","Immundefizienz","Pathologie"],"translatedTitle":"Spontane Bakterien- und Pilzinfektionen in gentechnisch ver\u00e4nderten M\u00e4usen: Ist Escherichia coli ein Pathogen mit zunehmender Bedeutung f\u00fcr die Labormaus?","abstractE":"The impact of particular microbes on genetically engineered mice depends on the genotype and the environment. Infections resulting in clinical disease have an obvious impact on animal welfare and experimentation. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal aetiology of spontaneous clinical disease of infectious origin among the genetically engineered mice from our institution in relation to their genotype. A total of 63 mice belonging to 33 different mice strains, from severe immunodeficient to wild-type, were found to display infections as the primary cause leading to their euthanasia. The necropsies revealed abscesses localized subcutaneously as well as in the kidney, preputial glands, seminal vesicles, in the uterus, umbilicus or in the lung. In addition, pneumonia, endometritis and septicaemia cases were recorded. Escherichia coli was involved in 21 of 44 (47.72%) of the lesions of bacterial origin, whereas [Pasteurella] pneumotropica was isolated from 19 of 44 (43.18%) cases. The infections with the two agents mentioned above included three cases of mixed infection with both pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus was considered responsible for five of 44 (11.36%) cases whereas Enterobacter cloacae was found to cause lesions in two of 44 (4.54%) mice. Overall, 16 of the 44 (36.36%) cases of bacterial aetiology affected genetically engineered mice without any explicit immunodeficiency or wild-type strains. The remaining 19 cases of interstitial pneumonia were caused by Pneumocystis murina. In conclusion, the susceptibility of genetically modified mice to opportunistic infections has to be regarded with precaution, regardless of the type of genetic modification performed. Beside the classical opportunists, such as [Pasteurella] pneumotropica and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli should as well be closely monitored to evaluate whether it represents an emerging pathogen in the laboratory mouse.","date":{"year":2015,"date":"07\/2015","accepted":"2015-07-07"},"volume":"128","openAccess":false,"journal":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","titleImageId":944,"pages":"278-284","redirects":["spontaneous-bacterial-and-fungal-infections-in-genetically-engineered-mice-is-escherichia-coli-an-emerging-pathogen-in-laboratory-mouse\/150\/3130\/88683"],"tierartCategories":[],"artikelartCategories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"]} CY - Hannover DA - 07/2015 DO - 10.2376/0005-9366-128-278 ET - 7/8 LA - English N2 - The impact of particular microbes on genetically engineered mice depends on the genotype and the environment. Infections resulting in clinical disease have an obvious impact on animal welfare and experimentation. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal aetiology of spontaneous clinical disease of infectious origin among the genetically engineered mice from our institution in relation to their genotype. A total of 63 mice belonging to 33 different mice strains, from severe immunodeficient to wild-type, were found to display infections as the primary cause leading to their euthanasia. The necropsies revealed abscesses localized subcutaneously as well as in the kidney, preputial glands, seminal vesicles, in the uterus, umbilicus or in the lung. In addition, pneumonia, endometritis and septicaemia cases were recorded. Escherichia coli was involved in 21 of 44 (47.72%) of the lesions of bacterial origin, whereas [Pasteurella] pneumotropica was isolated from 19 of 44 (43.18%) cases. The infections with the two agents mentioned above included three cases of mixed infection with both pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus was considered responsible for five of 44 (11.36%) cases whereas Enterobacter cloacae was found to cause lesions in two of 44 (4.54%) mice. Overall, 16 of the 44 (36.36%) cases of bacterial aetiology affected genetically engineered mice without any explicit immunodeficiency or wild-type strains. The remaining 19 cases of interstitial pneumonia were caused by Pneumocystis murina. In conclusion, the susceptibility of genetically modified mice to opportunistic infections has to be regarded with precaution, regardless of the type of genetic modification performed. Beside the classical opportunists, such as [Pasteurella] pneumotropica and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli should as well be closely monitored to evaluate whether it represents an emerging pathogen in the laboratory mouse. PB - Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG PP - Hannover PY - 2015 SP - 278 EP - 284 T1 - Spontaneous bacterial and fungal infections in genetically engineered mice: Is Escherichia coli an emerging pathogen in laboratory mouse? T2 - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift TI - Spontaneous bacterial and fungal infections in genetically engineered mice: Is Escherichia coli an emerging pathogen in laboratory mouse? TT - Spontane Bakterien- und Pilzinfektionen in gentechnisch veränderten Mäusen: Ist Escherichia coli ein Pathogen mit zunehmender Bedeutung für die Labormaus? VL - 128 SN - 0005-9366 ER -