TY - JOUR KW - epidemiology KW - FMD SAT2 outbreak KW - Egypt KW - dairy cattle KW - biosecurity AU - A Byomi AB - A dairy farm keeping Holstein cattle and buffaloes in the Menoufia Governorate was investigated during and after the last Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in Egypt (starting February 2012) to determine the impact of the outbreak on animals as well as to assess some factors that might have helped to spread the disease in the investigated farm. All animals were vaccinated against FMD with the locally produced bivalent vaccine containing O1 and A/Egy/2006 strains two months before the onset of the outbreak. Laboratory examination of the samples collected from diseased and dead animals’ revealed detection of a newly emerged serotype of FMD (SAT2). Although, all buffaloes (8/8) in the herd were infected (100%), none of them died, while lactating Holstein cattle showed varying morbidity rates along the period of the outbreak with peak rates in March followed by April, May and June. Crud mortality and case fatality rates among cattle peaked during April 2012 to reach 9.3 and 21.7%, respectively. Calves were the most affected animals with the highest morbidities and mortalities. The high prevalence of the disease among all animal categories in the investigated farm is attributed to the lack of previous immunity through vaccination against the new serotype of the virus. In addition, the hygienic and biosecurity measures in the farm were unsatisfactory with respect to prevention of introduction and spread of the disease between the farm units. The prevalent weather conditions during the outbreak might have played a role in spread of the FMDv, especially ambient temperature, humidity and wind movement. BT - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift C1 - {"oldId":87673,"title":"SAT2 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in a mixed farm in Egypt","topline":"","teaserText":"Ausbruch der SAT2-Maul- und Klauenseuche (MKS) in einer gemischten Farm in \u00c4gypten","content":"

Summary<\/span>
A dairy farm keeping Holstein cattle and buffaloes in the Menoufia Governorate was investigated during and after the last Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in Egypt (starting February 2012) to determine the impact of the outbreak on animals as well as to assess some factors that might have helped to spread the disease in the investigated farm. All animals were vaccinated against FMD with the locally produced bivalent vaccine containing O1 and A\/Egy\/2006 strains two months before the onset of the outbreak. Laboratory examination of the samples collected from diseased and dead animals\u2019 revealed detection of a newly emerged serotype of FMD (SAT2). Although, all buffaloes (8\/8) in the herd were infected (100%), none of them died, while lactating Holstein cattle showed varying morbidity rates along the period of the outbreak with peak rates in March followed by April, May and June. Crud mortality and case fatality rates among cattle peaked during April 2012 to reach 9.3 and 21.7%, respectively. Calves were the most affected animals with the highest morbidities and mortalities. The high prevalence of the disease among all animal categories in the investigated farm is attributed to the lack of previous immunity through vaccination against the new serotype of the virus. In addition, the hygienic and biosecurity measures in the farm were unsatisfactory with respect to prevention of introduction and spread of the disease between the farm units. The prevalent weather conditions during the outbreak might have played a role in spread of the FMDv, especially ambient temperature, humidity and wind movement.<\/p>

Keywords<\/span>
epidemiology, FMD SAT2 outbreak, Egypt, dairy cattle, biosecurity<\/p>

Zusammenfassung<\/span>
Ein Milchviehbetrieb mit Holstein-Friesian-Rindern und B\u00fcffeln im Menoufia Gouvernement wurde w\u00e4hrend und nach dem letzten MKS-Ausbruch in \u00c4gypten (ab Februar 2012) untersucht, um die Auswirkungen des Ausbruchs auf die Tiere sowie Faktoren, die zur Ausbreitung des MKS-Virus beigetragen haben, beurteilen zu k\u00f6nnen. Alle Tiere wurden mit einem lokal erzeugten bivalenten Impfstoff (O1 und A\/Egy\/2006 St\u00e4mme) zwei Monate vor Beginn des Ausbruchs gegen MKS geimpft. Die Laboruntersuchung der von erkrankten und toten Tieren entnommenen Proben ergab den Nachweis eines neu entstandenen Serotyps der MKS (SAT2). Obwohl alle B\u00fcffel in der Herde (8\/8, 100 %) infiziert waren, starb keiner von ihnen, w\u00e4hrend die laktierenden Holstein-Rinder unterschiedliche Morbidit\u00e4tsraten \u00fcber die Dauer des Ausbruchs mit einer Spitze im M\u00e4rz, gefolgt von April, Mai und Juni, zeigten. Die Mortalit\u00e4t und Letalit\u00e4t der Rinder erreichte im April 2012 9,3 % beziehungsweise 21,7 %. Die K\u00e4lber waren die am st\u00e4rksten betroffenen Tiere mit den h\u00f6chsten Erkrankungs- und Todesfallraten. Die hohe Pr\u00e4valenz der Erkrankung bei allen Tierkategorien der untersuchten Farm ist auf den fehlenden Impfschutz gegen den neuen Serotyp des MKS-Virus (SAT2) zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren. Dar\u00fcber hinaus waren die hygienischen Bedingungen und die Biosicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen auf der Farm in Bezug auf Pr\u00e4vention von Einschleppung und Ausbreitung der Krankheit zwischen den Einheiten des Betriebes unzureichend. Die vorherrschenden Wetterbedingungen w\u00e4hrend des Ausbruchs, vor allem die Umgebungstemperatur, die Luftfeuchtigkeit und Windbewegungen, k\u00f6nnten ebenfalls eine Rolle bei der Ausbreitung des MKS-Virus gespielt haben.<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter<\/span>
Epidemiologie, MKS-SAT2-Ausbruch, \u00c4gypten, Milchvieh, Biosicherheit<\/p>","categories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"],"fromDate":"May 20, 2015 1:21:32 PM","oldUrls":["http:\/\/vetline.de\/sat2-foot-and-mouth-disease-fmd-outbreak-in-a-mixed-farm-in-egypt\/150\/3130\/87673"],"doiLanguage":"englisch","doiProductFormat":"online","doiPublisher":"Schl\u00fctersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG","doiSerialWorkTitle":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","doiDocumentUri":"http:\/\/www.vetline.de\/sat2-foot-and-mouth-disease-fmd-outbreak-in-a-mixed-farm-in-egypt\/150\/3130\/87673\/","doiSource":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochenschr 128, 188\u2013192 (2015) ","doiissn":"0005-9366","doiNr":"10.2376\/0005-9366-128-188","doiFirstPage":"188","doiLastPage":"192","doiTransmitted":true,"doiAuthor":"Byomi A","pdf":{"path":"http:\/\/data\/BMW_2015_05_06_0188.pdf","title":"BMW_2015_05_06_0188.pdf","description":"SAT2 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in a mixed farm in Egypt"},"authors":[{"firstName":"A","middleName":"","lastName":"Byomi"}],"contentOptimised":"

Summary<\/strong>
A dairy farm keeping Holstein cattle and buffaloes in the Menoufia Governorate was investigated during and after the last Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in Egypt (starting February 2012) to determine the impact of the outbreak on animals as well as to assess some factors that might have helped to spread the disease in the investigated farm. All animals were vaccinated against FMD with the locally produced bivalent vaccine containing O1 and A\/Egy\/2006 strains two months before the onset of the outbreak. Laboratory examination of the samples collected from diseased and dead animals\u2019 revealed detection of a newly emerged serotype of FMD (SAT2). Although, all buffaloes (8\/8) in the herd were infected (100%), none of them died, while lactating Holstein cattle showed varying morbidity rates along the period of the outbreak with peak rates in March followed by April, May and June. Crud mortality and case fatality rates among cattle peaked during April 2012 to reach 9.3 and 21.7%, respectively. Calves were the most affected animals with the highest morbidities and mortalities. The high prevalence of the disease among all animal categories in the investigated farm is attributed to the lack of previous immunity through vaccination against the new serotype of the virus. In addition, the hygienic and biosecurity measures in the farm were unsatisfactory with respect to prevention of introduction and spread of the disease between the farm units. The prevalent weather conditions during the outbreak might have played a role in spread of the FMDv, especially ambient temperature, humidity and wind movement.<\/p>

Keywords:<\/strong>
epidemiology, FMD SAT2 outbreak, Egypt, dairy cattle, biosecurity<\/p>

Zusammenfassung<\/strong>
Ein Milchviehbetrieb mit Holstein-Friesian-Rindern und B\u00fcffeln im Menoufia Gouvernement wurde w\u00e4hrend und nach dem letzten MKS-Ausbruch in \u00c4gypten (ab Februar 2012) untersucht, um die Auswirkungen des Ausbruchs auf die Tiere sowie Faktoren, die zur Ausbreitung des MKS-Virus beigetragen haben, beurteilen zu k\u00f6nnen. Alle Tiere wurden mit einem lokal erzeugten bivalenten Impfstoff (O1 und A\/Egy\/2006 St\u00e4mme) zwei Monate vor Beginn des Ausbruchs gegen MKS geimpft. Die Laboruntersuchung der von erkrankten und toten Tieren entnommenen Proben ergab den Nachweis eines neu entstandenen Serotyps der MKS (SAT2). Obwohl alle B\u00fcffel in der Herde (8\/8, 100 %) infiziert waren, starb keiner von ihnen, w\u00e4hrend die laktierenden Holstein-Rinder unterschiedliche Morbidit\u00e4tsraten \u00fcber die Dauer des Ausbruchs mit einer Spitze im M\u00e4rz, gefolgt von April, Mai und Juni, zeigten. Die Mortalit\u00e4t und Letalit\u00e4t der Rinder erreichte im April 2012 9,3 % beziehungsweise 21,7 %. Die K\u00e4lber waren die am st\u00e4rksten betroffenen Tiere mit den h\u00f6chsten Erkrankungs- und Todesfallraten. Die hohe Pr\u00e4valenz der Erkrankung bei allen Tierkategorien der untersuchten Farm ist auf den fehlenden Impfschutz gegen den neuen Serotyp des MKS-Virus (SAT2) zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren. Dar\u00fcber hinaus waren die hygienischen Bedingungen und die Biosicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen auf der Farm in Bezug auf Pr\u00e4vention von Einschleppung und Ausbreitung der Krankheit zwischen den Einheiten des Betriebes unzureichend. Die vorherrschenden Wetterbedingungen w\u00e4hrend des Ausbruchs, vor allem die Umgebungstemperatur, die Luftfeuchtigkeit und Windbewegungen, k\u00f6nnten ebenfalls eine Rolle bei der Ausbreitung des MKS-Virus gespielt haben.<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/strong>
Epidemiologie, MKS-SAT2-Ausbruch, \u00c4gypten, Milchvieh, Biosicherheit<\/p>","primaryLanguage":"englisch","summary":"A dairy farm keeping Holstein cattle and buffaloes in the Menoufia Governorate was investigated during and after the last Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in Egypt (starting February 2012) to determine the impact of the outbreak on animals as well as to assess some factors that might have helped to spread the disease in the investigated farm. All animals were vaccinated against FMD with the locally produced bivalent vaccine containing O1 and A\/Egy\/2006 strains two months before the onset of the outbreak. Laboratory examination of the samples collected from diseased and dead animals\u2019 revealed detection of a newly emerged serotype of FMD (SAT2). Although, all buffaloes (8\/8) in the herd were infected (100%), none of them died, while lactating Holstein cattle showed varying morbidity rates along the period of the outbreak with peak rates in March followed by April, May and June. Crud mortality and case fatality rates among cattle peaked during April 2012 to reach 9.3 and 21.7%, respectively. Calves were the most affected animals with the highest morbidities and mortalities. The high prevalence of the disease among all animal categories in the investigated farm is attributed to the lack of previous immunity through vaccination against the new serotype of the virus. In addition, the hygienic and biosecurity measures in the farm were unsatisfactory with respect to prevention of introduction and spread of the disease between the farm units. The prevalent weather conditions during the outbreak might have played a role in spread of the FMDv, especially ambient temperature, humidity and wind movement.<\/p>

","keywords":["epidemiology","FMD SAT2 outbreak","Egypt","dairy cattle","biosecurity"],"zusammenfassung":"Ein Milchviehbetrieb mit Holstein-Friesian-Rindern und B\u00fcffeln im Menoufia Gouvernement wurde w\u00e4hrend und nach dem letzten MKS-Ausbruch in \u00c4gypten (ab Februar 2012) untersucht, um die Auswirkungen des Ausbruchs auf die Tiere sowie Faktoren, die zur Ausbreitung des MKS-Virus beigetragen haben, beurteilen zu k\u00f6nnen. Alle Tiere wurden mit einem lokal erzeugten bivalenten Impfstoff (O1 und A\/Egy\/2006 St\u00e4mme) zwei Monate vor Beginn des Ausbruchs gegen MKS geimpft. Die Laboruntersuchung der von erkrankten und toten Tieren entnommenen Proben ergab den Nachweis eines neu entstandenen Serotyps der MKS (SAT2). Obwohl alle B\u00fcffel in der Herde (8\/8, 100 %) infiziert waren, starb keiner von ihnen, w\u00e4hrend die laktierenden Holstein-Rinder unterschiedliche Morbidit\u00e4tsraten \u00fcber die Dauer des Ausbruchs mit einer Spitze im M\u00e4rz, gefolgt von April, Mai und Juni, zeigten. Die Mortalit\u00e4t und Letalit\u00e4t der Rinder erreichte im April 2012 9,3 % beziehungsweise 21,7 %. Die K\u00e4lber waren die am st\u00e4rksten betroffenen Tiere mit den h\u00f6chsten Erkrankungs- und Todesfallraten. Die hohe Pr\u00e4valenz der Erkrankung bei allen Tierkategorien der untersuchten Farm ist auf den fehlenden Impfschutz gegen den neuen Serotyp des MKS-Virus (SAT2) zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren. Dar\u00fcber hinaus waren die hygienischen Bedingungen und die Biosicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen auf der Farm in Bezug auf Pr\u00e4vention von Einschleppung und Ausbreitung der Krankheit zwischen den Einheiten des Betriebes unzureichend. Die vorherrschenden Wetterbedingungen w\u00e4hrend des Ausbruchs, vor allem die Umgebungstemperatur, die Luftfeuchtigkeit und Windbewegungen, k\u00f6nnten ebenfalls eine Rolle bei der Ausbreitung des MKS-Virus gespielt haben.<\/p>

","schluesselwoerter":["Epidemiologie","MKS-SAT2-Ausbruch","\u00c4gypten","Milchvieh","Biosicherheit"],"translatedTitle":"Ausbruch der SAT2-Maul- und Klauenseuche (MKS) in einer gemischten Farm in \u00c4gypten","abstractE":"A dairy farm keeping Holstein cattle and buffaloes in the Menoufia Governorate was investigated during and after the last Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in Egypt (starting February 2012) to determine the impact of the outbreak on animals as well as to assess some factors that might have helped to spread the disease in the investigated farm. All animals were vaccinated against FMD with the locally produced bivalent vaccine containing O1 and A\/Egy\/2006 strains two months before the onset of the outbreak. Laboratory examination of the samples collected from diseased and dead animals\u2019 revealed detection of a newly emerged serotype of FMD (SAT2). Although, all buffaloes (8\/8) in the herd were infected (100%), none of them died, while lactating Holstein cattle showed varying morbidity rates along the period of the outbreak with peak rates in March followed by April, May and June. Crud mortality and case fatality rates among cattle peaked during April 2012 to reach 9.3 and 21.7%, respectively. Calves were the most affected animals with the highest morbidities and mortalities. The high prevalence of the disease among all animal categories in the investigated farm is attributed to the lack of previous immunity through vaccination against the new serotype of the virus. In addition, the hygienic and biosecurity measures in the farm were unsatisfactory with respect to prevention of introduction and spread of the disease between the farm units. The prevalent weather conditions during the outbreak might have played a role in spread of the FMDv, especially ambient temperature, humidity and wind movement.","date":{"year":2015,"date":"05\/2015","accepted":"2015-05-20"},"volume":"128","openAccess":false,"journal":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","titleImageId":944,"pages":"188-192","redirects":["sat2-foot-and-mouth-disease-fmd-outbreak-in-a-mixed-farm-in-egypt\/150\/3130\/87673"],"tierartCategories":[],"artikelartCategories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"]} CY - Hannover DA - 05/2015 DO - 10.2376/0005-9366-128-188 ET - 5/6 LA - English N2 - A dairy farm keeping Holstein cattle and buffaloes in the Menoufia Governorate was investigated during and after the last Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in Egypt (starting February 2012) to determine the impact of the outbreak on animals as well as to assess some factors that might have helped to spread the disease in the investigated farm. All animals were vaccinated against FMD with the locally produced bivalent vaccine containing O1 and A/Egy/2006 strains two months before the onset of the outbreak. Laboratory examination of the samples collected from diseased and dead animals’ revealed detection of a newly emerged serotype of FMD (SAT2). Although, all buffaloes (8/8) in the herd were infected (100%), none of them died, while lactating Holstein cattle showed varying morbidity rates along the period of the outbreak with peak rates in March followed by April, May and June. Crud mortality and case fatality rates among cattle peaked during April 2012 to reach 9.3 and 21.7%, respectively. Calves were the most affected animals with the highest morbidities and mortalities. The high prevalence of the disease among all animal categories in the investigated farm is attributed to the lack of previous immunity through vaccination against the new serotype of the virus. In addition, the hygienic and biosecurity measures in the farm were unsatisfactory with respect to prevention of introduction and spread of the disease between the farm units. The prevalent weather conditions during the outbreak might have played a role in spread of the FMDv, especially ambient temperature, humidity and wind movement. PB - Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG PP - Hannover PY - 2015 SP - 188 EP - 192 T1 - SAT2 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in a mixed farm in Egypt T2 - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift TI - SAT2 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in a mixed farm in Egypt TT - Ausbruch der SAT2-Maul- und Klauenseuche (MKS) in einer gemischten Farm in Ägypten VL - 128 SN - 0005-9366 ER -