TY - JOUR KW - fox rabies KW - rabies KW - Croatia KW - molecular epidemiology AU - I Lojkic AU - ŽZ Cac AU - T Bedekovic AU - N Lemo AU - M Brstilo AU - T Müller AU - C Freuling AB - Sylvatic rabies has been present in Croatia for more than three decades, with the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as the main reservoir. The present epidemic of sylvatic rabies in Croatia started already in 1977 and in the past ten years the disease has become enzootic in the entire country and thus represents a considerable veterinary and public health threat. A genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus isolates (RABV) from Croatia was performed using panel of 32 selected rabies-positive brain samples from domestic and wild animals collected between 2008 and 2010. Based on the comparison of 367-nucleotide sequences of a conserved region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene (nucleotides 75 #150;441), the phylogenetic analysis revealed a low genetic diversity of currently circulating RABV strains in Croatia. 18 RABV isolates mainly originating from Eastern Croatia clustered with the formerly established Eastern European (EE) lineage, and the rest (14) were identical with the West European (WE) group. Both phylogenetic groups seem to coincide in central regions on both sides along the Save River. A high sequence identity in the N gene of the RABV isolates from neighbouring countries was found. BT - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift C1 - {"oldId":71144,"title":"Diversity of currently circulating rabies virus strains in Croatia","topline":"","teaserText":"","content":"

Summary<\/span>
Sylvatic rabies has been present in Croatia for more than three decades, with the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)<\/span> as the main reservoir. The present epidemic of sylvatic rabies in Croatia started already in 1977 and in the past ten years the disease has become enzootic in the entire country and thus represents a considerable veterinary and public health threat.
A genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus isolates (RABV) from Croatia was performed using panel of 32 selected rabies-positive brain samples from domestic and wild animals collected between 2008 and 2010. Based on the comparison of 367-nucleotide sequences of a conserved region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene (nucleotides 75 #150;441), the phylogenetic analysis revealed a low genetic diversity of currently circulating RABV strains in Croatia. 18 RABV isolates mainly originating from Eastern Croatia clustered with the formerly established Eastern European (EE) lineage, and the rest (14) were identical with the West European (WE) group. Both phylogenetic groups seem to coincide in central regions on both sides along the Save River. A high sequence identity in the N gene of the RABV isolates from neighbouring countries was found.

Keywords:<\/span>
fox rabies, rabies, Croatia, molecular epidemiology


Zusammenfassung<\/span>
Die sylvatische Tollwut mit dem Rotfuchs (Vulpes vulpes)<\/span> als Reservoir trat in Kroatien erstmals Jahr 1977 auf. Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt hat sich die Epidemie \u00fcber das ganze Land ausgebreitet und stellt eine gro\u00dfe Herausforderung f\u00fcr das \u00f6ffentliche Veterin\u00e4r- und Gesundheitswesen dar.
Um die Diversit\u00e4t der Tollwutviren (Rabies-Virus, RABV) in Kroatien zu untersuchen, wurden 32 Tollwut-positive Gehirnproben von Haus- und Wildtieren, die zwischen 2008 und 2010 getestet wurden, weiter charakterisiert. Basierend auf dem Vergleich der Nukleotid-Sequenzen einer konservierten Region des Nukleoprotein (N)-Gens (Position 75 #150;441) ergab die phylogenetische Analyse eine geringe genetische Vielfalt der gegenw\u00e4rtig zirkulierenden RABV-Varianten in Kroatien. 18 RABV-Isolate, die vorwiegend aus \u00f6stlichen Regionen Kroatiens stammen, waren der osteurop\u00e4ischen Linie (Eastern European, EE) zuzuordnen, w\u00e4hrend 14 dem westeurop\u00e4ischen (Western European, WE) Typ entsprachen. Interessanterweise gibt es eine \u00dcberlappung der Verbreitungsgebiete in den zentralen Regionen Kroatiens, wo beide Varianten auf beiden Seiten entlang des Flusses Save gemeinsam vorkommen. Insgesamt zeigte sich auch eine hohe Sequenzidentit\u00e4t mit Isolaten aus benachbarten L\u00e4ndern.

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/span>
Fuchstollwut, Tollwut, Kroatien, Typisierung <\/p>","categories":["Open Access","Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel","Abostufe frei"],"fromDate":"May 4, 2012 12:00:00 AM","toDate":"Dec 31, 2050 12:00:00 AM","oldUrls":["http:\/\/vetline.de\/fox-rabies-rabies-croatia-molecular-epidemiology\/150\/3216\/71144","http:\/\/vetline.de\/fox-rabies-rabies-croatia-molecular-epidemiology\/150\/3130\/71144"],"doiLanguage":"englisch","doiProductFormat":"Online","doiPublisher":"Schl\u00fctersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG","doiSerialWorkTitle":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. Tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr.","doiDocumentUri":"http:\/\/www.vetline.de\/fox-rabies-rabies-croatia-molecular-epidemiology\/150\/3130\/71144","doiSource":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. Tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr. 125: 5-6, 249-254 (2012)","doiissn":"0005-9366","doiNr":"10.2376\/0005-9366-125-249","doiFirstPage":"249","doiLastPage":"254","doiTransmitted":true,"doiAuthor":"Lojki\u00e6 I, \u00c8a\u00e8 \u008e, Bedekovi\u00e6 T, Lemo N, Brstilo M, M\u00fcller T, Freuling CM","pdf":{"path":"http:\/\/data\/bmtw_2012_05_0249.pdf","title":"bmtw - Diversity of currently circulating rabies virus strains in Croatia ","description":""},"authors":[{"firstName":"I","middleName":"","lastName":"Lojki\u00e6"},{"firstName":"\u008e","middleName":"","lastName":"\u00c8a\u00e8"},{"firstName":"T","middleName":"","lastName":"Bedekovi\u00e6"},{"firstName":"N","middleName":"","lastName":"Lemo"},{"firstName":"M","middleName":"","lastName":"Brstilo"},{"firstName":"T","middleName":"","lastName":"M\u00fcller"},{"firstName":"C","middleName":"M","lastName":"Freuling"}],"contentOptimised":"

Summary<\/strong>
Sylvatic rabies has been present in Croatia for more than three decades, with the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)<\/em> as the main reservoir. The present epidemic of sylvatic rabies in Croatia started already in 1977 and in the past ten years the disease has become enzootic in the entire country and thus represents a considerable veterinary and public health threat.
A genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus isolates (RABV) from Croatia was performed using panel of 32 selected rabies-positive brain samples from domestic and wild animals collected between 2008 and 2010. Based on the comparison of 367-nucleotide sequences of a conserved region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene (nucleotides 75 #150;441), the phylogenetic analysis revealed a low genetic diversity of currently circulating RABV strains in Croatia. 18 RABV isolates mainly originating from Eastern Croatia clustered with the formerly established Eastern European (EE) lineage, and the rest (14) were identical with the West European (WE) group. Both phylogenetic groups seem to coincide in central regions on both sides along the Save River. A high sequence identity in the N gene of the RABV isolates from neighbouring countries was found.

Keywords:<\/strong>
fox rabies, rabies, Croatia, molecular epidemiology


Zusammenfassung<\/strong>
Die sylvatische Tollwut mit dem Rotfuchs (Vulpes vulpes)<\/em> als Reservoir trat in Kroatien erstmals Jahr 1977 auf. Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt hat sich die Epidemie \u00fcber das ganze Land ausgebreitet und stellt eine gro\u00dfe Herausforderung f\u00fcr das \u00f6ffentliche Veterin\u00e4r- und Gesundheitswesen dar.
Um die Diversit\u00e4t der Tollwutviren (Rabies-Virus, RABV) in Kroatien zu untersuchen, wurden 32 Tollwut-positive Gehirnproben von Haus- und Wildtieren, die zwischen 2008 und 2010 getestet wurden, weiter charakterisiert. Basierend auf dem Vergleich der Nukleotid-Sequenzen einer konservierten Region des Nukleoprotein (N)-Gens (Position 75 #150;441) ergab die phylogenetische Analyse eine geringe genetische Vielfalt der gegenw\u00e4rtig zirkulierenden RABV-Varianten in Kroatien. 18 RABV-Isolate, die vorwiegend aus \u00f6stlichen Regionen Kroatiens stammen, waren der osteurop\u00e4ischen Linie (Eastern European, EE) zuzuordnen, w\u00e4hrend 14 dem westeurop\u00e4ischen (Western European, WE) Typ entsprachen. Interessanterweise gibt es eine \u00dcberlappung der Verbreitungsgebiete in den zentralen Regionen Kroatiens, wo beide Varianten auf beiden Seiten entlang des Flusses Save gemeinsam vorkommen. Insgesamt zeigte sich auch eine hohe Sequenzidentit\u00e4t mit Isolaten aus benachbarten L\u00e4ndern.

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/strong>
Fuchstollwut, Tollwut, Kroatien, Typisierung <\/p>","primaryLanguage":"englisch","summary":"Sylvatic rabies has been present in Croatia for more than three decades, with the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)<\/em> as the main reservoir. The present epidemic of sylvatic rabies in Croatia started already in 1977 and in the past ten years the disease has become enzootic in the entire country and thus represents a considerable veterinary and public health threat.
A genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus isolates (RABV) from Croatia was performed using panel of 32 selected rabies-positive brain samples from domestic and wild animals collected between 2008 and 2010. Based on the comparison of 367-nucleotide sequences of a conserved region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene (nucleotides 75 #150;441), the phylogenetic analysis revealed a low genetic diversity of currently circulating RABV strains in Croatia. 18 RABV isolates mainly originating from Eastern Croatia clustered with the formerly established Eastern European (EE) lineage, and the rest (14) were identical with the West European (WE) group. Both phylogenetic groups seem to coincide in central regions on both sides along the Save River. A high sequence identity in the N gene of the RABV isolates from neighbouring countries was found.","keywords":["fox rabies","rabies","Croatia","molecular epidemiology"],"zusammenfassung":"Die sylvatische Tollwut mit dem Rotfuchs (Vulpes vulpes)<\/em> als Reservoir trat in Kroatien erstmals Jahr 1977 auf. Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt hat sich die Epidemie \u00fcber das ganze Land ausgebreitet und stellt eine gro\u00dfe Herausforderung f\u00fcr das \u00f6ffentliche Veterin\u00e4r- und Gesundheitswesen dar.
Um die Diversit\u00e4t der Tollwutviren (Rabies-Virus, RABV) in Kroatien zu untersuchen, wurden 32 Tollwut-positive Gehirnproben von Haus- und Wildtieren, die zwischen 2008 und 2010 getestet wurden, weiter charakterisiert. Basierend auf dem Vergleich der Nukleotid-Sequenzen einer konservierten Region des Nukleoprotein (N)-Gens (Position 75 #150;441) ergab die phylogenetische Analyse eine geringe genetische Vielfalt der gegenw\u00e4rtig zirkulierenden RABV-Varianten in Kroatien. 18 RABV-Isolate, die vorwiegend aus \u00f6stlichen Regionen Kroatiens stammen, waren der osteurop\u00e4ischen Linie (Eastern European, EE) zuzuordnen, w\u00e4hrend 14 dem westeurop\u00e4ischen (Western European, WE) Typ entsprachen. Interessanterweise gibt es eine \u00dcberlappung der Verbreitungsgebiete in den zentralen Regionen Kroatiens, wo beide Varianten auf beiden Seiten entlang des Flusses Save gemeinsam vorkommen. Insgesamt zeigte sich auch eine hohe Sequenzidentit\u00e4t mit Isolaten aus benachbarten L\u00e4ndern.","schluesselwoerter":["Fuchstollwut","Tollwut","Kroatien","Typisierung"],"translatedTitle":"","abstractE":"Sylvatic rabies has been present in Croatia for more than three decades, with the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as the main reservoir. The present epidemic of sylvatic rabies in Croatia started already in 1977 and in the past ten years the disease has become enzootic in the entire country and thus represents a considerable veterinary and public health threat. A genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus isolates (RABV) from Croatia was performed using panel of 32 selected rabies-positive brain samples from domestic and wild animals collected between 2008 and 2010. Based on the comparison of 367-nucleotide sequences of a conserved region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene (nucleotides 75 #150;441), the phylogenetic analysis revealed a low genetic diversity of currently circulating RABV strains in Croatia. 18 RABV isolates mainly originating from Eastern Croatia clustered with the formerly established Eastern European (EE) lineage, and the rest (14) were identical with the West European (WE) group. Both phylogenetic groups seem to coincide in central regions on both sides along the Save River. A high sequence identity in the N gene of the RABV isolates from neighbouring countries was found.","date":{"year":2012,"date":"05\/2012","accepted":"2012-05-04"},"volume":"125","openAccess":true,"journal":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","titleImageId":944,"pages":"249-254","redirects":["fox-rabies-rabies-croatia-molecular-epidemiology\/150\/3216\/71144","fox-rabies-rabies-croatia-molecular-epidemiology\/150\/3130\/71144"],"tierartCategories":[],"artikelartCategories":["Open Access","Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel","Abostufe frei"]} CY - Hannover DA - 05/2012 DO - 10.2376/0005-9366-125-249 LA - English N2 - Sylvatic rabies has been present in Croatia for more than three decades, with the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as the main reservoir. The present epidemic of sylvatic rabies in Croatia started already in 1977 and in the past ten years the disease has become enzootic in the entire country and thus represents a considerable veterinary and public health threat. A genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus isolates (RABV) from Croatia was performed using panel of 32 selected rabies-positive brain samples from domestic and wild animals collected between 2008 and 2010. Based on the comparison of 367-nucleotide sequences of a conserved region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene (nucleotides 75 #150;441), the phylogenetic analysis revealed a low genetic diversity of currently circulating RABV strains in Croatia. 18 RABV isolates mainly originating from Eastern Croatia clustered with the formerly established Eastern European (EE) lineage, and the rest (14) were identical with the West European (WE) group. Both phylogenetic groups seem to coincide in central regions on both sides along the Save River. A high sequence identity in the N gene of the RABV isolates from neighbouring countries was found. PB - Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG PP - Hannover PY - 2012 SP - 249 EP - 254 T1 - Diversity of currently circulating rabies virus strains in Croatia T2 - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift TI - Diversity of currently circulating rabies virus strains in Croatia VL - 125 SN - 0005-9366 ER -