TY - JOUR KW - zoonosis KW - innate immunity KW - inflammation KW - antiviral AU - M Rieder AU - S Finke AU - K-K Conzelmann AB - Rabies is a zoonosis still claiming more than 50 000 human deaths per year. Typically, human cases are due to infection with rabies virus, the prototype of the Lyssavirus genus, but sporadic cases of rabies-like encephalitis caused by other lyssaviruses have been reported. In contrast to rabies virus, which has an extremely broad host range including many terrestrial warm-blooded animals, rabies-related viruses are associated predominantly with bats and rarely infect terrestrial species. In spite of a very close genetic relationship of rabies and rabiesrelated viruses, the factors determining the limited host range of rabies-related viruses are not clear. In the past years the importance of viral countermeasures against the host type I interferon system for establishment of an infection became evident. The rabies virus phosphoprotein (P) has emerged as a critical factor required for paralysing the signalling cascades leading to transcriptional activation of interferon genes as well as interferon signalling pathways, thereby limiting expression of antiviral and immune stimulatory genes. Comparative studies would be of interest in order to determine whether differential abilities of the lyssavirus P proteins contribute to the restricted host range of lyssaviruses. BT - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift C1 - {"oldId":70477,"title":"Interferon in lyssavirus infection","topline":"","teaserText":"","content":"

Summary<\/span>
Rabies is a zoonosis still claiming more than 50 000 human deaths per year. Typically, human cases are due to infection with rabies virus, the prototype of the Lyssavirus<\/span> genus, but sporadic cases of rabies-like encephalitis caused by other lyssaviruses have been reported. In contrast to rabies virus, which has an extremely broad host range including many terrestrial warm-blooded animals, rabies-related viruses are associated predominantly with bats and rarely infect terrestrial species. In spite of a very close genetic relationship of rabies and rabiesrelated viruses, the factors determining the limited host range of rabies-related viruses are not clear. In the past years the importance of viral countermeasures against the host type I interferon system for establishment of an infection became evident. The rabies virus phosphoprotein (P) has emerged as a critical factor required for paralysing the signalling cascades leading to transcriptional activation of interferon genes as well as interferon signalling pathways, thereby limiting expression of antiviral and immune stimulatory genes. Comparative studies would be of interest in order to determine whether differential abilities of the lyssavirus P proteins contribute to the restricted host range of lyssaviruses.

Keywords:<\/span>
zoonosis, innate immunity, inflammation, antiviral


Zusammenfassung<\/span>
Die Tollwut ist eine Zoonose, der auch heute noch j\u00e4hrlich mehr als 50 000 Menschen zum Opfer fallen. Menschliche Krankheitsf\u00e4lle werden in der Regel durch eine Infektion mit dem Rabies Virus (Tollwutvirus), dem Prototyp des Genus Lyssavirus<\/span>, verursacht, wobei einzelne F\u00e4lle von Tollwut-Enzephalitis jedoch auf andere Lyssaviren zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren sind. Im Gegensatz zum Rabies Virus, welches ein extrem breites Wirtsspektrum besitzt, das unter anderem zahlreiche terrestrische S\u00e4ugetiere umfasst, sind Rabies-verwandte Viren haupts\u00e4chlich mit Flederm\u00e4usen assoziiert und infizieren nur selten terrestrische Spezies. Obwohl Rabies und Rabies-verwandte Viren genetisch sehr \u00e4hnlich sind, sind die Faktoren, die das Wirtsspektrum der Rabies-verwandten Viren limitieren, nicht bekannt. Wie in den vergangenen Jahren gezeigt wurde, sind virale Mechanismen gegen das Typ I Interferonsystem f\u00fcr die Etablierung einer Infektion notwendig. Das Rabies Virus Phosphoprotein (P) wurde als wesentlicher Faktor identifiziert, der f\u00fcr die Hemmung der transkriptionellen Aktivierung der Interferon Gene und der Interferon-vermittelten Signal\u00fcbertragung notwendig ist. Dadurch wird die Expression von antiviralen und immunstimulatorischen Genen begrenzt. Die Durchf\u00fchrung von vergleichenden Studien w\u00e4re interessant, um aufzukl\u00e4ren, ob unterschiedliche Wirksamkeiten der Lyssavirus P Proteine zur Einschr\u00e4nkung des Wirtsspektrums beitragen.

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/span>
Zoonose, angeborene Immunit\u00e4t, Entz\u00fcndung, antiviral <\/p>","categories":["Open Access","Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel","Abostufe frei"],"fromDate":"May 4, 2012 12:00:00 AM","toDate":"Dec 31, 2050 12:00:00 AM","oldUrls":["http:\/\/vetline.de\/zoonosis-innate-immunity-inflammation-antiviral\/150\/3130\/70477","http:\/\/vetline.de\/zoonosis-innate-immunity-inflammation-antiviral\/150\/3216\/70477"],"doiLanguage":"englisch","doiProductFormat":"Online","doiPublisher":"Schl\u00fctersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG","doiSerialWorkTitle":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. Tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr.","doiDocumentUri":"http:\/\/www.vetline.de\/zoonosis-innate-immunity-inflammation-antiviral\/150\/3130\/70477","doiSource":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. Tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr. 125: 5-6, 209-218 (2012)","doiissn":"0005-9366","doiNr":"10.2376\/0005-9366-125-209","doiFirstPage":"209","doiLastPage":"218","doiTransmitted":true,"doiAuthor":"Rieder M, Finke S, Conzelmann KK","pdf":{"path":"http:\/\/data\/bmtw_2012_05_0209.pdf","title":"bmtw - Interferon in lyssavirus infection ","description":""},"authors":[{"firstName":"M","middleName":"","lastName":"Rieder"},{"firstName":"S","middleName":"","lastName":"Finke"},{"firstName":"K","middleName":"K","lastName":"Conzelmann"}],"contentOptimised":"

Summary<\/strong>
Rabies is a zoonosis still claiming more than 50 000 human deaths per year. Typically, human cases are due to infection with rabies virus, the prototype of the Lyssavirus<\/em> genus, but sporadic cases of rabies-like encephalitis caused by other lyssaviruses have been reported. In contrast to rabies virus, which has an extremely broad host range including many terrestrial warm-blooded animals, rabies-related viruses are associated predominantly with bats and rarely infect terrestrial species. In spite of a very close genetic relationship of rabies and rabiesrelated viruses, the factors determining the limited host range of rabies-related viruses are not clear. In the past years the importance of viral countermeasures against the host type I interferon system for establishment of an infection became evident. The rabies virus phosphoprotein (P) has emerged as a critical factor required for paralysing the signalling cascades leading to transcriptional activation of interferon genes as well as interferon signalling pathways, thereby limiting expression of antiviral and immune stimulatory genes. Comparative studies would be of interest in order to determine whether differential abilities of the lyssavirus P proteins contribute to the restricted host range of lyssaviruses.

Keywords:<\/strong>
zoonosis, innate immunity, inflammation, antiviral


Zusammenfassung<\/strong>
Die Tollwut ist eine Zoonose, der auch heute noch j\u00e4hrlich mehr als 50 000 Menschen zum Opfer fallen. Menschliche Krankheitsf\u00e4lle werden in der Regel durch eine Infektion mit dem Rabies Virus (Tollwutvirus), dem Prototyp des Genus Lyssavirus<\/em>, verursacht, wobei einzelne F\u00e4lle von Tollwut-Enzephalitis jedoch auf andere Lyssaviren zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren sind. Im Gegensatz zum Rabies Virus, welches ein extrem breites Wirtsspektrum besitzt, das unter anderem zahlreiche terrestrische S\u00e4ugetiere umfasst, sind Rabies-verwandte Viren haupts\u00e4chlich mit Flederm\u00e4usen assoziiert und infizieren nur selten terrestrische Spezies. Obwohl Rabies und Rabies-verwandte Viren genetisch sehr \u00e4hnlich sind, sind die Faktoren, die das Wirtsspektrum der Rabies-verwandten Viren limitieren, nicht bekannt. Wie in den vergangenen Jahren gezeigt wurde, sind virale Mechanismen gegen das Typ I Interferonsystem f\u00fcr die Etablierung einer Infektion notwendig. Das Rabies Virus Phosphoprotein (P) wurde als wesentlicher Faktor identifiziert, der f\u00fcr die Hemmung der transkriptionellen Aktivierung der Interferon Gene und der Interferon-vermittelten Signal\u00fcbertragung notwendig ist. Dadurch wird die Expression von antiviralen und immunstimulatorischen Genen begrenzt. Die Durchf\u00fchrung von vergleichenden Studien w\u00e4re interessant, um aufzukl\u00e4ren, ob unterschiedliche Wirksamkeiten der Lyssavirus P Proteine zur Einschr\u00e4nkung des Wirtsspektrums beitragen.

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/strong>
Zoonose, angeborene Immunit\u00e4t, Entz\u00fcndung, antiviral <\/p>","primaryLanguage":"englisch","summary":"Rabies is a zoonosis still claiming more than 50 000 human deaths per year. Typically, human cases are due to infection with rabies virus, the prototype of the Lyssavirus<\/em> genus, but sporadic cases of rabies-like encephalitis caused by other lyssaviruses have been reported. In contrast to rabies virus, which has an extremely broad host range including many terrestrial warm-blooded animals, rabies-related viruses are associated predominantly with bats and rarely infect terrestrial species. In spite of a very close genetic relationship of rabies and rabiesrelated viruses, the factors determining the limited host range of rabies-related viruses are not clear. In the past years the importance of viral countermeasures against the host type I interferon system for establishment of an infection became evident. The rabies virus phosphoprotein (P) has emerged as a critical factor required for paralysing the signalling cascades leading to transcriptional activation of interferon genes as well as interferon signalling pathways, thereby limiting expression of antiviral and immune stimulatory genes. Comparative studies would be of interest in order to determine whether differential abilities of the lyssavirus P proteins contribute to the restricted host range of lyssaviruses.","keywords":["zoonosis","innate immunity","inflammation","antiviral"],"zusammenfassung":"Die Tollwut ist eine Zoonose, der auch heute noch j\u00e4hrlich mehr als 50 000 Menschen zum Opfer fallen. Menschliche Krankheitsf\u00e4lle werden in der Regel durch eine Infektion mit dem Rabies Virus (Tollwutvirus), dem Prototyp des Genus Lyssavirus<\/em>, verursacht, wobei einzelne F\u00e4lle von Tollwut-Enzephalitis jedoch auf andere Lyssaviren zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren sind. Im Gegensatz zum Rabies Virus, welches ein extrem breites Wirtsspektrum besitzt, das unter anderem zahlreiche terrestrische S\u00e4ugetiere umfasst, sind Rabies-verwandte Viren haupts\u00e4chlich mit Flederm\u00e4usen assoziiert und infizieren nur selten terrestrische Spezies. Obwohl Rabies und Rabies-verwandte Viren genetisch sehr \u00e4hnlich sind, sind die Faktoren, die das Wirtsspektrum der Rabies-verwandten Viren limitieren, nicht bekannt. Wie in den vergangenen Jahren gezeigt wurde, sind virale Mechanismen gegen das Typ I Interferonsystem f\u00fcr die Etablierung einer Infektion notwendig. Das Rabies Virus Phosphoprotein (P) wurde als wesentlicher Faktor identifiziert, der f\u00fcr die Hemmung der transkriptionellen Aktivierung der Interferon Gene und der Interferon-vermittelten Signal\u00fcbertragung notwendig ist. Dadurch wird die Expression von antiviralen und immunstimulatorischen Genen begrenzt. Die Durchf\u00fchrung von vergleichenden Studien w\u00e4re interessant, um aufzukl\u00e4ren, ob unterschiedliche Wirksamkeiten der Lyssavirus P Proteine zur Einschr\u00e4nkung des Wirtsspektrums beitragen.","schluesselwoerter":["Zoonose","angeborene Immunit\u00e4t","Entz\u00fcndung","antiviral"],"translatedTitle":"","abstractE":"Rabies is a zoonosis still claiming more than 50 000 human deaths per year. Typically, human cases are due to infection with rabies virus, the prototype of the Lyssavirus genus, but sporadic cases of rabies-like encephalitis caused by other lyssaviruses have been reported. In contrast to rabies virus, which has an extremely broad host range including many terrestrial warm-blooded animals, rabies-related viruses are associated predominantly with bats and rarely infect terrestrial species. In spite of a very close genetic relationship of rabies and rabiesrelated viruses, the factors determining the limited host range of rabies-related viruses are not clear. In the past years the importance of viral countermeasures against the host type I interferon system for establishment of an infection became evident. The rabies virus phosphoprotein (P) has emerged as a critical factor required for paralysing the signalling cascades leading to transcriptional activation of interferon genes as well as interferon signalling pathways, thereby limiting expression of antiviral and immune stimulatory genes. Comparative studies would be of interest in order to determine whether differential abilities of the lyssavirus P proteins contribute to the restricted host range of lyssaviruses.","date":{"year":2012,"date":"05\/2012","accepted":"2012-05-04"},"volume":"125","openAccess":true,"journal":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","titleImageId":944,"pages":"209-218","redirects":["zoonosis-innate-immunity-inflammation-antiviral\/150\/3130\/70477","zoonosis-innate-immunity-inflammation-antiviral\/150\/3216\/70477"],"tierartCategories":[],"artikelartCategories":["Open Access","Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel","Abostufe frei"]} CY - Hannover DA - 05/2012 DO - 10.2376/0005-9366-125-209 LA - English N2 - Rabies is a zoonosis still claiming more than 50 000 human deaths per year. Typically, human cases are due to infection with rabies virus, the prototype of the Lyssavirus genus, but sporadic cases of rabies-like encephalitis caused by other lyssaviruses have been reported. In contrast to rabies virus, which has an extremely broad host range including many terrestrial warm-blooded animals, rabies-related viruses are associated predominantly with bats and rarely infect terrestrial species. In spite of a very close genetic relationship of rabies and rabiesrelated viruses, the factors determining the limited host range of rabies-related viruses are not clear. In the past years the importance of viral countermeasures against the host type I interferon system for establishment of an infection became evident. The rabies virus phosphoprotein (P) has emerged as a critical factor required for paralysing the signalling cascades leading to transcriptional activation of interferon genes as well as interferon signalling pathways, thereby limiting expression of antiviral and immune stimulatory genes. Comparative studies would be of interest in order to determine whether differential abilities of the lyssavirus P proteins contribute to the restricted host range of lyssaviruses. PB - Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG PP - Hannover PY - 2012 SP - 209 EP - 218 T1 - Interferon in lyssavirus infection T2 - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift TI - Interferon in lyssavirus infection VL - 125 SN - 0005-9366 ER -