TY - JOUR KW - rabies KW - pet travel scheme KW - oral rabies vaccination of foxes KW - RFFIT KW - FAVN KW - ELISA KW - dogs KW - cats KW - foxes AU - E Knoop AU - C Freuling AU - J Kliemt AU - T Selhorst AU - F Conraths AU - T Müller AB - EU Regulation 998/2003 requires the serological testing of rabies-vaccinated dogs and cats in approved laboratories using serum neutralization tests prior to movement of pet animals between certain EU member states and before pet animals are imported from unlisted third countries. Serum neutralisation tests are also used for measuring the efficacy of oral rabies vaccination programmes conducted in wild carnivore populations. In this study we evaluated an OIElisted commercial ELISA as a potential replacement for serum neutralization assays under routine conditions as a diagnostic tool for both the serological testing of dog and cat sera as part of pet travel schemes and for follow-up investigations as part of oral vaccination campaigns. When dog and cat sera were analyzed by ELISA, a sensitivity compared to the standard serological test of 36.9 #150;82.0% and 44.4 #150;88.9%, respectively, was calculated depending on the method used. For fox field samples from oral vaccination areas the sensitivity compared to the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) was 32.4% (95% CI 24.8 #150;40.0%). In its present format, the ELISA cannot replace standard serological assays neither in the pet travel scheme nor in follow-up investigations of oral vaccination campaigns. The results obtained resemble those of other rabies ELISAs recently evaluated for the same purpose and may therefore exemplify a general misconception (binding versus neutralization) in rabies serology rather than a failure of this ELISA test per se. Also, problems with technical and legislative issues associated with the serological testing of dog and cat sera for non-commercial movement and related to the outcome of this study are addressed. BT - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift C1 - {"oldId":70135,"title":"Evaluation of a commercial rabies ELISA as a replacement for serum neutralization assays as part of the pet travel scheme and oral vaccination campaigns of foxes","topline":"","teaserText":"","content":"

Summary<\/span>
EU Regulation 998\/2003 requires the serological testing of rabies-vaccinated dogs and cats in approved laboratories using serum neutralization tests prior to movement of pet animals between certain EU member states and before pet animals are imported from unlisted third countries. Serum neutralisation tests are also used for measuring the efficacy of oral rabies vaccination programmes conducted in wild carnivore populations. In this study we evaluated an OIElisted commercial ELISA as a potential replacement for serum neutralization assays under routine conditions as a diagnostic tool for both the serological testing of dog and cat sera as part of pet travel schemes and for follow-up investigations as part of oral vaccination campaigns. When dog and cat sera were analyzed by ELISA, a sensitivity compared to the standard serological test of 36.9 #150;82.0% and 44.4 #150;88.9%, respectively, was calculated depending on the method used. For fox field samples from oral vaccination areas the sensitivity compared to the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) was 32.4% (95% CI 24.8 #150;40.0%).

In its present format, the ELISA cannot replace standard serological assays neither in the pet travel scheme nor in follow-up investigations of oral vaccination campaigns. The results obtained resemble those of other rabies ELISAs recently evaluated for the same purpose and may therefore exemplify a general misconception (binding versus neutralization) in rabies serology rather than a failure of this ELISA test per se. Also, problems with technical and legislative issues associated with the serological testing of dog and cat sera for non-commercial movement and related to the outcome of this study are addressed.

Keywords:<\/span>
rabies, pet travel scheme, oral rabies vaccination of foxes, RFFIT, FAVN, ELISA, dogs, cats, foxes


Zusammenfassung<\/span>
Die EU Verordnung 998\/2003 fordert f\u00fcr das nicht kommerzielle Verbringen von Tollwut-geimpften Hunden und Katzen zwischen bestimmten EU Mitgliedsstaaten sowie bei Import aus nicht gelisteten Drittl\u00e4ndern eine serologische Testung mittels Neutralisationstest durch zugelassene Laboratorien. Serumneutralisationstests werden auch f\u00fcr die \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Effektivit\u00e4t von oralen Tollwutimmunisierungskampagnen in Wildtierpopulationen verwendet. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein OIE-gelisteter kommerzieller Tollwut-ELISA als Alternative zu Serumneutralisationstests sowohl f\u00fcr die serologische Testung von Hunde und Katzenseren im Rahmen des Pet Travel Schemes als auch des Monitoring von oralen Tollwutimmunisierungskampagnen evaluiert. Die Analyse von Hunde- und Katzenseren mittels ELSIA ergab eine Sensitivit\u00e4t gegen\u00fcber den serologischen Standardtestverfahren von 44,4 #150;88,9 % in Abh\u00e4ngigkeit der verwendeten Berechnungsmethode. Bei Fuchsseren aus Impfgebieten lag die Sensitivit\u00e4t im Vergleich zum Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) bei nur 32,4 % (95% KI: 24,8 #150;40,0 %). Im gegenw\u00e4rtigen Design kann der ELISA herk\u00f6mmliche serologische Standardverfahren im Rahmen des Pet Travel Schemes sowie f\u00fcr das Monitoring von oralen Tollwutimmunisierungskampagnen nicht ersetzen. Die Ergebnisse gleichen denen eines anderen kommerziellen, f\u00fcr die gleiche Zielstellung evaluierten Tollwut-ELISAs und k\u00f6nnten somit ein allgemeines Missverst\u00e4ndnis in der Tollwutserologie (bindende vs. neutralisierende Antik\u00f6rper) veranschaulichen und nicht ein Fehlschlagen dieses ELISA Tests per se. Dar\u00fcber hinaus werden technische sowie gesetzgebende Probleme im Zusammenhang mit der serologischen Testung von Hunde und Katzenseren im Rahmen des Pet Travel Schemes und des Ergebnisses dieser Studie diskutiert.

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/span>
Tollwut, ELISA, Pet Travel Scheme, orale Immunisierung von F\u00fcchsen, RFFIT, FAVN, Hunde, Katzen, F\u00fcchse <\/p>","categories":["Open Access","Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel","Abostufe frei"],"fromDate":"Jun 21, 2010 12:00:00 AM","toDate":"Dec 31, 2050 12:00:00 AM","oldUrls":["http:\/\/vetline.de\/open-access-rabies-pet-travel-scheme-oral-rabies-vaccination-of-foxes-rffit-favn-elisa-dogs-cats-foxes\/150\/3130\/70135","http:\/\/vetline.de\/open-access-rabies-pet-travel-scheme-oral-rabies-vaccination-of-foxes-rffit-favn-elisa-dogs-cats-foxes\/150\/3216\/70135"],"doiLanguage":"englisch","doiProductFormat":"Online","doiPublisher":"Schl\u00fctersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG","doiSerialWorkTitle":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. Tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr.","doiDocumentUri":"http:\/\/www.vetline.de\/open-access-rabies-pet-travel-scheme-oral-rabies-vaccination-of-foxes-rffit-favn-elisa-dogs-cats-foxes\/150\/3130\/70135","doiSource":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. Tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr. 123: 7-8, 278-285 (2010)","doiissn":"0005-9366","doiNr":"10.2376\/0005-9366-123-278","doiFirstPage":"278","doiLastPage":"285","doiTransmitted":true,"doiAuthor":"Knoop EV, Freuling CM, Kliemt J, Selhorst T, Conraths FJ, M\u00fcller T","pdf":{"path":"http:\/\/data\/bmtw_2010_07_0278.pdf","title":"bmtw - Evaluation of a commercial rabies ELISA as a replacement for serum neutralization assays as part of the pet travel scheme","description":""},"authors":[{"firstName":"E","middleName":"V","lastName":"Knoop"},{"firstName":"C","middleName":"M","lastName":"Freuling"},{"firstName":"J","middleName":"","lastName":"Kliemt"},{"firstName":"T","middleName":"","lastName":"Selhorst"},{"firstName":"F","middleName":"J","lastName":"Conraths"},{"firstName":"T","middleName":"","lastName":"M\u00fcller"}],"contentOptimised":"

Summary<\/strong>
EU Regulation 998\/2003 requires the serological testing of rabies-vaccinated dogs and cats in approved laboratories using serum neutralization tests prior to movement of pet animals between certain EU member states and before pet animals are imported from unlisted third countries. Serum neutralisation tests are also used for measuring the efficacy of oral rabies vaccination programmes conducted in wild carnivore populations. In this study we evaluated an OIElisted commercial ELISA as a potential replacement for serum neutralization assays under routine conditions as a diagnostic tool for both the serological testing of dog and cat sera as part of pet travel schemes and for follow-up investigations as part of oral vaccination campaigns. When dog and cat sera were analyzed by ELISA, a sensitivity compared to the standard serological test of 36.9 #150;82.0% and 44.4 #150;88.9%, respectively, was calculated depending on the method used. For fox field samples from oral vaccination areas the sensitivity compared to the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) was 32.4% (95% CI 24.8 #150;40.0%).

In its present format, the ELISA cannot replace standard serological assays neither in the pet travel scheme nor in follow-up investigations of oral vaccination campaigns. The results obtained resemble those of other rabies ELISAs recently evaluated for the same purpose and may therefore exemplify a general misconception (binding versus neutralization) in rabies serology rather than a failure of this ELISA test per se. Also, problems with technical and legislative issues associated with the serological testing of dog and cat sera for non-commercial movement and related to the outcome of this study are addressed.

Keywords:<\/strong>
rabies, pet travel scheme, oral rabies vaccination of foxes, RFFIT, FAVN, ELISA, dogs, cats, foxes


Zusammenfassung<\/strong>
Die EU Verordnung 998\/2003 fordert f\u00fcr das nicht kommerzielle Verbringen von Tollwut-geimpften Hunden und Katzen zwischen bestimmten EU Mitgliedsstaaten sowie bei Import aus nicht gelisteten Drittl\u00e4ndern eine serologische Testung mittels Neutralisationstest durch zugelassene Laboratorien. Serumneutralisationstests werden auch f\u00fcr die \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Effektivit\u00e4t von oralen Tollwutimmunisierungskampagnen in Wildtierpopulationen verwendet. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein OIE-gelisteter kommerzieller Tollwut-ELISA als Alternative zu Serumneutralisationstests sowohl f\u00fcr die serologische Testung von Hunde und Katzenseren im Rahmen des Pet Travel Schemes als auch des Monitoring von oralen Tollwutimmunisierungskampagnen evaluiert. Die Analyse von Hunde- und Katzenseren mittels ELSIA ergab eine Sensitivit\u00e4t gegen\u00fcber den serologischen Standardtestverfahren von 44,4 #150;88,9 % in Abh\u00e4ngigkeit der verwendeten Berechnungsmethode. Bei Fuchsseren aus Impfgebieten lag die Sensitivit\u00e4t im Vergleich zum Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) bei nur 32,4 % (95% KI: 24,8 #150;40,0 %). Im gegenw\u00e4rtigen Design kann der ELISA herk\u00f6mmliche serologische Standardverfahren im Rahmen des Pet Travel Schemes sowie f\u00fcr das Monitoring von oralen Tollwutimmunisierungskampagnen nicht ersetzen. Die Ergebnisse gleichen denen eines anderen kommerziellen, f\u00fcr die gleiche Zielstellung evaluierten Tollwut-ELISAs und k\u00f6nnten somit ein allgemeines Missverst\u00e4ndnis in der Tollwutserologie (bindende vs. neutralisierende Antik\u00f6rper) veranschaulichen und nicht ein Fehlschlagen dieses ELISA Tests per se. Dar\u00fcber hinaus werden technische sowie gesetzgebende Probleme im Zusammenhang mit der serologischen Testung von Hunde und Katzenseren im Rahmen des Pet Travel Schemes und des Ergebnisses dieser Studie diskutiert.

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/strong>
Tollwut, ELISA, Pet Travel Scheme, orale Immunisierung von F\u00fcchsen, RFFIT, FAVN, Hunde, Katzen, F\u00fcchse <\/p>","primaryLanguage":"englisch","summary":"EU Regulation 998\/2003 requires the serological testing of rabies-vaccinated dogs and cats in approved laboratories using serum neutralization tests prior to movement of pet animals between certain EU member states and before pet animals are imported from unlisted third countries. Serum neutralisation tests are also used for measuring the efficacy of oral rabies vaccination programmes conducted in wild carnivore populations. In this study we evaluated an OIElisted commercial ELISA as a potential replacement for serum neutralization assays under routine conditions as a diagnostic tool for both the serological testing of dog and cat sera as part of pet travel schemes and for follow-up investigations as part of oral vaccination campaigns. When dog and cat sera were analyzed by ELISA, a sensitivity compared to the standard serological test of 36.9 #150;82.0% and 44.4 #150;88.9%, respectively, was calculated depending on the method used. For fox field samples from oral vaccination areas the sensitivity compared to the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) was 32.4% (95% CI 24.8 #150;40.0%).

In its present format, the ELISA cannot replace standard serological assays neither in the pet travel scheme nor in follow-up investigations of oral vaccination campaigns. The results obtained resemble those of other rabies ELISAs recently evaluated for the same purpose and may therefore exemplify a general misconception (binding versus neutralization) in rabies serology rather than a failure of this ELISA test per se. Also, problems with technical and legislative issues associated with the serological testing of dog and cat sera for non-commercial movement and related to the outcome of this study are addressed.","keywords":["rabies","pet travel scheme","oral rabies vaccination of foxes","RFFIT","FAVN","ELISA","dogs","cats","foxes"],"zusammenfassung":"Die EU Verordnung 998\/2003 fordert f\u00fcr das nicht kommerzielle Verbringen von Tollwut-geimpften Hunden und Katzen zwischen bestimmten EU Mitgliedsstaaten sowie bei Import aus nicht gelisteten Drittl\u00e4ndern eine serologische Testung mittels Neutralisationstest durch zugelassene Laboratorien. Serumneutralisationstests werden auch f\u00fcr die \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Effektivit\u00e4t von oralen Tollwutimmunisierungskampagnen in Wildtierpopulationen verwendet. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein OIE-gelisteter kommerzieller Tollwut-ELISA als Alternative zu Serumneutralisationstests sowohl f\u00fcr die serologische Testung von Hunde und Katzenseren im Rahmen des Pet Travel Schemes als auch des Monitoring von oralen Tollwutimmunisierungskampagnen evaluiert. Die Analyse von Hunde- und Katzenseren mittels ELSIA ergab eine Sensitivit\u00e4t gegen\u00fcber den serologischen Standardtestverfahren von 44,4 #150;88,9 % in Abh\u00e4ngigkeit der verwendeten Berechnungsmethode. Bei Fuchsseren aus Impfgebieten lag die Sensitivit\u00e4t im Vergleich zum Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) bei nur 32,4 % (95% KI: 24,8 #150;40,0 %). Im gegenw\u00e4rtigen Design kann der ELISA herk\u00f6mmliche serologische Standardverfahren im Rahmen des Pet Travel Schemes sowie f\u00fcr das Monitoring von oralen Tollwutimmunisierungskampagnen nicht ersetzen. Die Ergebnisse gleichen denen eines anderen kommerziellen, f\u00fcr die gleiche Zielstellung evaluierten Tollwut-ELISAs und k\u00f6nnten somit ein allgemeines Missverst\u00e4ndnis in der Tollwutserologie (bindende vs. neutralisierende Antik\u00f6rper) veranschaulichen und nicht ein Fehlschlagen dieses ELISA Tests per se. Dar\u00fcber hinaus werden technische sowie gesetzgebende Probleme im Zusammenhang mit der serologischen Testung von Hunde und Katzenseren im Rahmen des Pet Travel Schemes und des Ergebnisses dieser Studie diskutiert.","schluesselwoerter":["Tollwut","ELISA","Pet Travel Scheme","orale Immunisierung von F\u00fcchsen","RFFIT","FAVN","Hunde","Katzen","F\u00fcchse"],"translatedTitle":"","abstractE":"EU Regulation 998\/2003 requires the serological testing of rabies-vaccinated dogs and cats in approved laboratories using serum neutralization tests prior to movement of pet animals between certain EU member states and before pet animals are imported from unlisted third countries. Serum neutralisation tests are also used for measuring the efficacy of oral rabies vaccination programmes conducted in wild carnivore populations. In this study we evaluated an OIElisted commercial ELISA as a potential replacement for serum neutralization assays under routine conditions as a diagnostic tool for both the serological testing of dog and cat sera as part of pet travel schemes and for follow-up investigations as part of oral vaccination campaigns. When dog and cat sera were analyzed by ELISA, a sensitivity compared to the standard serological test of 36.9 #150;82.0% and 44.4 #150;88.9%, respectively, was calculated depending on the method used. For fox field samples from oral vaccination areas the sensitivity compared to the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) was 32.4% (95% CI 24.8 #150;40.0%). In its present format, the ELISA cannot replace standard serological assays neither in the pet travel scheme nor in follow-up investigations of oral vaccination campaigns. The results obtained resemble those of other rabies ELISAs recently evaluated for the same purpose and may therefore exemplify a general misconception (binding versus neutralization) in rabies serology rather than a failure of this ELISA test per se. Also, problems with technical and legislative issues associated with the serological testing of dog and cat sera for non-commercial movement and related to the outcome of this study are addressed.","date":{"year":2010,"date":"06\/2010","accepted":"2010-06-21"},"volume":"123","openAccess":true,"journal":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","titleImageId":944,"pages":"278-285","redirects":["open-access-rabies-pet-travel-scheme-oral-rabies-vaccination-of-foxes-rffit-favn-elisa-dogs-cats-foxes\/150\/3130\/70135","open-access-rabies-pet-travel-scheme-oral-rabies-vaccination-of-foxes-rffit-favn-elisa-dogs-cats-foxes\/150\/3216\/70135"],"tierartCategories":[],"artikelartCategories":["Open Access","Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel","Abostufe frei"]} CY - Hannover DA - 06/2010 DO - 10.2376/0005-9366-123-278 LA - English N2 - EU Regulation 998/2003 requires the serological testing of rabies-vaccinated dogs and cats in approved laboratories using serum neutralization tests prior to movement of pet animals between certain EU member states and before pet animals are imported from unlisted third countries. Serum neutralisation tests are also used for measuring the efficacy of oral rabies vaccination programmes conducted in wild carnivore populations. In this study we evaluated an OIElisted commercial ELISA as a potential replacement for serum neutralization assays under routine conditions as a diagnostic tool for both the serological testing of dog and cat sera as part of pet travel schemes and for follow-up investigations as part of oral vaccination campaigns. When dog and cat sera were analyzed by ELISA, a sensitivity compared to the standard serological test of 36.9 #150;82.0% and 44.4 #150;88.9%, respectively, was calculated depending on the method used. For fox field samples from oral vaccination areas the sensitivity compared to the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) was 32.4% (95% CI 24.8 #150;40.0%). In its present format, the ELISA cannot replace standard serological assays neither in the pet travel scheme nor in follow-up investigations of oral vaccination campaigns. The results obtained resemble those of other rabies ELISAs recently evaluated for the same purpose and may therefore exemplify a general misconception (binding versus neutralization) in rabies serology rather than a failure of this ELISA test per se. Also, problems with technical and legislative issues associated with the serological testing of dog and cat sera for non-commercial movement and related to the outcome of this study are addressed. PB - Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG PP - Hannover PY - 2010 SP - 278 EP - 285 T1 - Evaluation of a commercial rabies ELISA as a replacement for serum neutralization assays as part of the pet travel scheme and oral vaccination campaigns of foxes T2 - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift TI - Evaluation of a commercial rabies ELISA as a replacement for serum neutralization assays as part of the pet travel scheme and oral vaccination campaigns of foxes VL - 123 SN - 0005-9366 ER -