TY - JOUR KW - entomophagy KW - novel food regulation KW - European Union KW - microbiological criteria AU - N Grabowski AU - B Ahlfeld AU - K Lis AU - W Jansen AU - C Kehrenberg AB - Consuming insects is an ancient food habit that is practised by approx. 2.8 billion humans in most areas of the world. In Western culture, this food habit has been largely abandoned, but its recent promotion by the FAO lead to a novel approach in Europe with the intention to establish food insect production under modern circumstances. Running a food business requires legal framework, and the aim of this survey was to document the current legal status of edible insects in all European countries. Data was obtained by contacting corresponding authorities directly or via their embassies in Germany. For EU members, the amendment of the novel food regulation (2015/2283) is the only legal document that mentions insects as foodstuff directly. It merely sets the base on how to apply for a given insect species to be included in the Union’s list for allowed foodstuffs. So far, a specific section in Regulation (EC) 853/2004 (as for other foodstuffs) has been missing. Yet, some EU (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and the Netherlands) and non-EU countries (Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland) have issued national guidelines which are presented and discussed in this survey. They basically intend to incorporate a given set of insect species into ordinary food legislation, pointing out differences to respectively adding specifics not contained in the latter. These guidelines are characterised by a strong degree of heterogeneity, e.g. in relation to insect species and microbiological criteria. Special situations were documented for Spain and Portugal. Croatia, Estonia, Ireland, Luxembourg, and Slovenia only allow insect business to the extent of EU laws, while Sweden does not allow it at all. Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Monaco, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, and Turkey failed to answer. The rest of the countries is characterised by a legal uncertainty, converting entomophagy into a legal grey zone. However, the present paper is conceived as a snapshot of a process that is constant development. The national guidelines can provide a valuable source for any enhancement of the EU regulation. BT - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift C1 - {"oldId":110840,"title":"The current legal status of edible insects in Europe","topline":"","teaserText":"Gegenw\u00e4rtige rechtliche Lage essbarer Insekten in Europa","content":"

Summary<\/span>
Consuming insects is an ancient food habit that is practised by approx. 2.8 billion humans in most areas of the world. In Western culture, this food habit has been largely abandoned, but its recent promotion by the FAO lead to a novel approach in Europe with the intention to establish food insect production under modern circumstances. Running a food business requires legal framework, and the aim of this survey was to document the current legal status of edible insects in all European countries. Data was obtained by contacting corresponding authorities directly or via their embassies in Germany.
For EU members, the amendment of the novel food regulation (2015\/2283) is the only legal document that mentions insects as foodstuff directly. It merely sets the base on how to apply for a given insect species to be included in the Union\u2019s list for allowed foodstuffs. So far, a specific section in Regulation (EC) 853\/2004 (as for other foodstuffs) has been missing. Yet, some EU (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and the Netherlands) and non-EU countries (Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland) have issued national guidelines which are presented and discussed in this survey. They basically intend to incorporate a given set of insect species into ordinary food legislation, pointing out differences to respectively adding specifics not contained in the latter. These guidelines are characterised by a strong degree of heterogeneity, e.g. in relation to insect species and microbiological criteria. Special situations were documented for Spain and Portugal. Croatia, Estonia, Ireland, Luxembourg, and Slovenia only allow insect business to the extent of EU laws, while Sweden does not allow it at all. Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Monaco, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, and Turkey failed to answer. The rest of the countries is characterised by a legal uncertainty, converting entomophagy into a legal grey zone. However, the present paper is conceived as a snapshot of a process that is constant development.
The national guidelines can provide a valuable source for any enhancement of the EU regulation. <\/p>

Keywords<\/span>
entomophagy, novel food regulation, European Union, microbiological criteria<\/p>

Zusammenfassung<\/span>
Der Verzehr von Insekten ist eine uralte Lebensgewohnheit, die heutzutage von mehr als 2,8 Milliarden Menschen in den meisten Regionen der Welt praktiziert wird. Im westlichen Kulturkreis wurde diese Gewohnheit weitestgehend eingestellt, doch die j\u00fcngste F\u00f6rderung durch die FAO hat in Europa insofern zu einer neuen Ann\u00e4herung gef\u00fchrt, als dass nun Speiseinsekten unter modernen Gesichtspunkten gez\u00fcchtet werden sollen. Zum F\u00fchren eines Betriebes ist der gesetzliche Rahmen wichtig und die Zielsetzung dieser Untersuchung war es, den gegenw\u00e4rtigen gesetzlichen Rahmen f\u00fcr Speiseinsekten in allen europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern zu dokumentieren. Die Informationen hierzu wurden durch den direkten Kontakt mit den entsprechenden Beh\u00f6rden oder \u00fcber deren Botschaften in Deutschland erhoben.
F\u00fcr EU-Mitgliedstaaten ist die Gesetzesnovelle der Verordnung \u00fcber neuartige Lebensmittel (2015\/2283) das einzige Dokument, das Insekten als Lebensmittel direkt erw\u00e4hnt. Es legt lediglich die Grundlagen zur Antragstellung dar, um eine bestimmte Insektenart als neuartiges Lebensmittel anerkennen zu lassen und somit in die Unionsliste zu \u00fcbernehmen. Ein besonderer Abschnitt in der VO 853\/2004 (wie f\u00fcr andere Lebensmittel) fehlt bislang. Allerdings haben sowohl einige EU-Staaten (\u00d6sterreich, Belgien, D\u00e4nemark, Finnland und die Niederlande) wie auch Drittl\u00e4nder (Liechtenstein, Norwegen und die Schweiz) nationale, empfehlende Leitlinien herausgebracht, die in dieser Untersuchung vorgestellt und diskutiert werden. Grunds\u00e4tzlich wird dabei versucht, eine bestimmte Gruppe von Insektenarten in die herk\u00f6mmliche Lebensmittel-Gesetzgebung einzuf\u00fcgen und auf notwendige Unterschiede zu diesen hinzuweisen bzw. diese spezifisch zu regeln.
Diese Leitlinien sind untereinander sehr unterschiedlich, z.B. bez\u00fcglich der Insektenarten und der mikrobiologischen Kriterien. Besondere Gegebenheiten wurden in Spanien und Portugal dokumentiert. Kroatien, Estland, Irland, Luxemburg, Slowenien erlauben Insektenbetriebe nur im Rahmen der EUGesetzgebung, w\u00e4hrend Schweden sie nicht erlaubt. Albanien, Aserbaidschan, Bosnien und Herzegowina, Bulgarien, Zypern, Kasachstan, Monaco, Rum\u00e4nien, die Russische F\u00f6deration, Slovakei und T\u00fcrkei haben nicht geantwortet. Bei den restlichen L\u00e4ndern herrscht gesetzliche Unsicherheit vor, so dass Entomophagie in einer gesetzlichen Grauzone stattfindet. Der vorliegende Beitrag versteht sich als Momentaufnahme eines im stetigen Wandel befindlichen Prozesses. Die nationalen Leitlinien k\u00f6nnen einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Gesetzgebung in der EU leisten.<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter<\/span>:
Entomophagie, Verordnung \u00fcber neuartige Lebensmittel, Europ\u00e4ische Union, mikrobiologische Kriterien<\/p>","categories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"],"fromDate":"Apr 26, 2019 2:53:14 PM","oldUrls":["http:\/\/vetline.de\/the-current-legal-status-of-edible-insects-in-europe\/150\/3130\/110840"],"doiLanguage":"englisch","doiProductFormat":"online","doiPublisher":"Schl\u00fctersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG","doiSerialWorkTitle":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochensch","doiDocumentUri":"http:\/\/cf01.schluetersche.de\/files\/smfiledata\/7\/5\/1\/3\/3\/7\/BMTW_AOP_18087_Grabowski.pdf","doiSource":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochenschc","doiissn":"0005-9366","doiNr":"10.2376\/0005-9366-18087","doiFirstPage":".","doiLastPage":"..","doiTransmitted":true,"doiAuthor":"Grabowski NT, Ahlfeld B, Lis KA, Jansen W, Kehrenberg C","pdf":{"path":"http:\/\/data\/BMTW_AOP_18087_Grabowski.pdf","title":"BMTW_AOP_18087_Grabowski","description":"The current legal status of edible insects in Europe"},"authors":[{"firstName":"N","middleName":"T","lastName":"Grabowski"},{"firstName":"B","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahlfeld"},{"firstName":"K","middleName":"A","lastName":"Lis"},{"firstName":"W","middleName":"","lastName":"Jansen"},{"firstName":"C","middleName":"","lastName":"Kehrenberg"}],"contentOptimised":"

Summary<\/strong>
Consuming insects is an ancient food habit that is practised by approx. 2.8 billion humans in most areas of the world. In Western culture, this food habit has been largely abandoned, but its recent promotion by the FAO lead to a novel approach in Europe with the intention to establish food insect production under modern circumstances. Running a food business requires legal framework, and the aim of this survey was to document the current legal status of edible insects in all European countries. Data was obtained by contacting corresponding authorities directly or via their embassies in Germany.
For EU members, the amendment of the novel food regulation (2015\/2283) is the only legal document that mentions insects as foodstuff directly. It merely sets the base on how to apply for a given insect species to be included in the Union\u2019s list for allowed foodstuffs. So far, a specific section in Regulation (EC) 853\/2004 (as for other foodstuffs) has been missing. Yet, some EU (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and the Netherlands) and non-EU countries (Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland) have issued national guidelines which are presented and discussed in this survey. They basically intend to incorporate a given set of insect species into ordinary food legislation, pointing out differences to respectively adding specifics not contained in the latter. These guidelines are characterised by a strong degree of heterogeneity, e.g. in relation to insect species and microbiological criteria. Special situations were documented for Spain and Portugal. Croatia, Estonia, Ireland, Luxembourg, and Slovenia only allow insect business to the extent of EU laws, while Sweden does not allow it at all. Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Monaco, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, and Turkey failed to answer. The rest of the countries is characterised by a legal uncertainty, converting entomophagy into a legal grey zone. However, the present paper is conceived as a snapshot of a process that is constant development.
The national guidelines can provide a valuable source for any enhancement of the EU regulation. <\/p>

Keywords:<\/strong>
entomophagy, novel food regulation, European Union, microbiological criteria<\/p>

Zusammenfassung<\/strong>
Der Verzehr von Insekten ist eine uralte Lebensgewohnheit, die heutzutage von mehr als 2,8 Milliarden Menschen in den meisten Regionen der Welt praktiziert wird. Im westlichen Kulturkreis wurde diese Gewohnheit weitestgehend eingestellt, doch die j\u00fcngste F\u00f6rderung durch die FAO hat in Europa insofern zu einer neuen Ann\u00e4herung gef\u00fchrt, als dass nun Speiseinsekten unter modernen Gesichtspunkten gez\u00fcchtet werden sollen. Zum F\u00fchren eines Betriebes ist der gesetzliche Rahmen wichtig und die Zielsetzung dieser Untersuchung war es, den gegenw\u00e4rtigen gesetzlichen Rahmen f\u00fcr Speiseinsekten in allen europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern zu dokumentieren. Die Informationen hierzu wurden durch den direkten Kontakt mit den entsprechenden Beh\u00f6rden oder \u00fcber deren Botschaften in Deutschland erhoben.
F\u00fcr EU-Mitgliedstaaten ist die Gesetzesnovelle der Verordnung \u00fcber neuartige Lebensmittel (2015\/2283) das einzige Dokument, das Insekten als Lebensmittel direkt erw\u00e4hnt. Es legt lediglich die Grundlagen zur Antragstellung dar, um eine bestimmte Insektenart als neuartiges Lebensmittel anerkennen zu lassen und somit in die Unionsliste zu \u00fcbernehmen. Ein besonderer Abschnitt in der VO 853\/2004 (wie f\u00fcr andere Lebensmittel) fehlt bislang. Allerdings haben sowohl einige EU-Staaten (\u00d6sterreich, Belgien, D\u00e4nemark, Finnland und die Niederlande) wie auch Drittl\u00e4nder (Liechtenstein, Norwegen und die Schweiz) nationale, empfehlende Leitlinien herausgebracht, die in dieser Untersuchung vorgestellt und diskutiert werden. Grunds\u00e4tzlich wird dabei versucht, eine bestimmte Gruppe von Insektenarten in die herk\u00f6mmliche Lebensmittel-Gesetzgebung einzuf\u00fcgen und auf notwendige Unterschiede zu diesen hinzuweisen bzw. diese spezifisch zu regeln.
Diese Leitlinien sind untereinander sehr unterschiedlich, z.B. bez\u00fcglich der Insektenarten und der mikrobiologischen Kriterien. Besondere Gegebenheiten wurden in Spanien und Portugal dokumentiert. Kroatien, Estland, Irland, Luxemburg, Slowenien erlauben Insektenbetriebe nur im Rahmen der EUGesetzgebung, w\u00e4hrend Schweden sie nicht erlaubt. Albanien, Aserbaidschan, Bosnien und Herzegowina, Bulgarien, Zypern, Kasachstan, Monaco, Rum\u00e4nien, die Russische F\u00f6deration, Slovakei und T\u00fcrkei haben nicht geantwortet. Bei den restlichen L\u00e4ndern herrscht gesetzliche Unsicherheit vor, so dass Entomophagie in einer gesetzlichen Grauzone stattfindet. Der vorliegende Beitrag versteht sich als Momentaufnahme eines im stetigen Wandel befindlichen Prozesses. Die nationalen Leitlinien k\u00f6nnen einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Gesetzgebung in der EU leisten.<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/strong>:
Entomophagie, Verordnung \u00fcber neuartige Lebensmittel, Europ\u00e4ische Union, mikrobiologische Kriterien<\/p>","primaryLanguage":"englisch","summary":"Consuming insects is an ancient food habit that is practised by approx. 2.8 billion humans in most areas of the world. In Western culture, this food habit has been largely abandoned, but its recent promotion by the FAO lead to a novel approach in Europe with the intention to establish food insect production under modern circumstances. Running a food business requires legal framework, and the aim of this survey was to document the current legal status of edible insects in all European countries. Data was obtained by contacting corresponding authorities directly or via their embassies in Germany.
For EU members, the amendment of the novel food regulation (2015\/2283) is the only legal document that mentions insects as foodstuff directly. It merely sets the base on how to apply for a given insect species to be included in the Union\u2019s list for allowed foodstuffs. So far, a specific section in Regulation (EC) 853\/2004 (as for other foodstuffs) has been missing. Yet, some EU (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and the Netherlands) and non-EU countries (Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland) have issued national guidelines which are presented and discussed in this survey. They basically intend to incorporate a given set of insect species into ordinary food legislation, pointing out differences to respectively adding specifics not contained in the latter. These guidelines are characterised by a strong degree of heterogeneity, e.g. in relation to insect species and microbiological criteria. Special situations were documented for Spain and Portugal. Croatia, Estonia, Ireland, Luxembourg, and Slovenia only allow insect business to the extent of EU laws, while Sweden does not allow it at all. Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Monaco, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, and Turkey failed to answer. The rest of the countries is characterised by a legal uncertainty, converting entomophagy into a legal grey zone. However, the present paper is conceived as a snapshot of a process that is constant development.
The national guidelines can provide a valuable source for any enhancement of the EU regulation. <\/p>

","keywords":["entomophagy","novel food regulation","European Union","microbiological criteria"],"zusammenfassung":"Der Verzehr von Insekten ist eine uralte Lebensgewohnheit, die heutzutage von mehr als 2,8 Milliarden Menschen in den meisten Regionen der Welt praktiziert wird. Im westlichen Kulturkreis wurde diese Gewohnheit weitestgehend eingestellt, doch die j\u00fcngste F\u00f6rderung durch die FAO hat in Europa insofern zu einer neuen Ann\u00e4herung gef\u00fchrt, als dass nun Speiseinsekten unter modernen Gesichtspunkten gez\u00fcchtet werden sollen. Zum F\u00fchren eines Betriebes ist der gesetzliche Rahmen wichtig und die Zielsetzung dieser Untersuchung war es, den gegenw\u00e4rtigen gesetzlichen Rahmen f\u00fcr Speiseinsekten in allen europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern zu dokumentieren. Die Informationen hierzu wurden durch den direkten Kontakt mit den entsprechenden Beh\u00f6rden oder \u00fcber deren Botschaften in Deutschland erhoben.
F\u00fcr EU-Mitgliedstaaten ist die Gesetzesnovelle der Verordnung \u00fcber neuartige Lebensmittel (2015\/2283) das einzige Dokument, das Insekten als Lebensmittel direkt erw\u00e4hnt. Es legt lediglich die Grundlagen zur Antragstellung dar, um eine bestimmte Insektenart als neuartiges Lebensmittel anerkennen zu lassen und somit in die Unionsliste zu \u00fcbernehmen. Ein besonderer Abschnitt in der VO 853\/2004 (wie f\u00fcr andere Lebensmittel) fehlt bislang. Allerdings haben sowohl einige EU-Staaten (\u00d6sterreich, Belgien, D\u00e4nemark, Finnland und die Niederlande) wie auch Drittl\u00e4nder (Liechtenstein, Norwegen und die Schweiz) nationale, empfehlende Leitlinien herausgebracht, die in dieser Untersuchung vorgestellt und diskutiert werden. Grunds\u00e4tzlich wird dabei versucht, eine bestimmte Gruppe von Insektenarten in die herk\u00f6mmliche Lebensmittel-Gesetzgebung einzuf\u00fcgen und auf notwendige Unterschiede zu diesen hinzuweisen bzw. diese spezifisch zu regeln.
Diese Leitlinien sind untereinander sehr unterschiedlich, z.B. bez\u00fcglich der Insektenarten und der mikrobiologischen Kriterien. Besondere Gegebenheiten wurden in Spanien und Portugal dokumentiert. Kroatien, Estland, Irland, Luxemburg, Slowenien erlauben Insektenbetriebe nur im Rahmen der EUGesetzgebung, w\u00e4hrend Schweden sie nicht erlaubt. Albanien, Aserbaidschan, Bosnien und Herzegowina, Bulgarien, Zypern, Kasachstan, Monaco, Rum\u00e4nien, die Russische F\u00f6deration, Slovakei und T\u00fcrkei haben nicht geantwortet. Bei den restlichen L\u00e4ndern herrscht gesetzliche Unsicherheit vor, so dass Entomophagie in einer gesetzlichen Grauzone stattfindet. Der vorliegende Beitrag versteht sich als Momentaufnahme eines im stetigen Wandel befindlichen Prozesses. Die nationalen Leitlinien k\u00f6nnen einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Gesetzgebung in der EU leisten.<\/p>

","schluesselwoerter":[":Entomophagie","Verordnung \u00fcber neuartige Lebensmittel","Europ\u00e4ische Union","mikrobiologische Kriterien"],"translatedTitle":"Gegenw\u00e4rtige rechtliche Lage essbarer Insekten in Europa","abstractE":"Consuming insects is an ancient food habit that is practised by approx. 2.8 billion humans in most areas of the world. In Western culture, this food habit has been largely abandoned, but its recent promotion by the FAO lead to a novel approach in Europe with the intention to establish food insect production under modern circumstances. Running a food business requires legal framework, and the aim of this survey was to document the current legal status of edible insects in all European countries. Data was obtained by contacting corresponding authorities directly or via their embassies in Germany. For EU members, the amendment of the novel food regulation (2015\/2283) is the only legal document that mentions insects as foodstuff directly. It merely sets the base on how to apply for a given insect species to be included in the Union\u2019s list for allowed foodstuffs. So far, a specific section in Regulation (EC) 853\/2004 (as for other foodstuffs) has been missing. Yet, some EU (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and the Netherlands) and non-EU countries (Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland) have issued national guidelines which are presented and discussed in this survey. They basically intend to incorporate a given set of insect species into ordinary food legislation, pointing out differences to respectively adding specifics not contained in the latter. These guidelines are characterised by a strong degree of heterogeneity, e.g. in relation to insect species and microbiological criteria. Special situations were documented for Spain and Portugal. Croatia, Estonia, Ireland, Luxembourg, and Slovenia only allow insect business to the extent of EU laws, while Sweden does not allow it at all. Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Monaco, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, and Turkey failed to answer. The rest of the countries is characterised by a legal uncertainty, converting entomophagy into a legal grey zone. However, the present paper is conceived as a snapshot of a process that is constant development. The national guidelines can provide a valuable source for any enhancement of the EU regulation. ","date":{"year":2019,"date":"04\/2019","accepted":"2019-04-26"},"volume":132,"openAccess":false,"journal":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","titleImageId":944,"pages":"","redirects":["the-current-legal-status-of-edible-insects-in-europe\/150\/3130\/110840"],"tierartCategories":[],"artikelartCategories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"]} CY - Hannover DA - 04/2019 DO - 10.2376/0005-9366-18087 LA - English N2 - Consuming insects is an ancient food habit that is practised by approx. 2.8 billion humans in most areas of the world. In Western culture, this food habit has been largely abandoned, but its recent promotion by the FAO lead to a novel approach in Europe with the intention to establish food insect production under modern circumstances. Running a food business requires legal framework, and the aim of this survey was to document the current legal status of edible insects in all European countries. Data was obtained by contacting corresponding authorities directly or via their embassies in Germany. For EU members, the amendment of the novel food regulation (2015/2283) is the only legal document that mentions insects as foodstuff directly. It merely sets the base on how to apply for a given insect species to be included in the Union’s list for allowed foodstuffs. So far, a specific section in Regulation (EC) 853/2004 (as for other foodstuffs) has been missing. Yet, some EU (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and the Netherlands) and non-EU countries (Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland) have issued national guidelines which are presented and discussed in this survey. They basically intend to incorporate a given set of insect species into ordinary food legislation, pointing out differences to respectively adding specifics not contained in the latter. These guidelines are characterised by a strong degree of heterogeneity, e.g. in relation to insect species and microbiological criteria. Special situations were documented for Spain and Portugal. Croatia, Estonia, Ireland, Luxembourg, and Slovenia only allow insect business to the extent of EU laws, while Sweden does not allow it at all. Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Monaco, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, and Turkey failed to answer. The rest of the countries is characterised by a legal uncertainty, converting entomophagy into a legal grey zone. However, the present paper is conceived as a snapshot of a process that is constant development. The national guidelines can provide a valuable source for any enhancement of the EU regulation. PB - Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG PP - Hannover PY - 2019 T1 - The current legal status of edible insects in Europe T2 - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift TI - The current legal status of edible insects in Europe TT - Gegenwärtige rechtliche Lage essbarer Insekten in Europa VL - 132 SN - 0005-9366 ER -