TY - JOUR
KW - honey bee
KW - Nosema spp
KW - nosemosis
KW - diagnostics
AU - L Horchler
AU - S Gisder
AU - O Boecking
AU - E Genersch
AB - Nosema spp. infections are widely distributed in populations of the European  honey bee. Most of these infections are covert; hence, infected individuals and colonies do not show obvious clinical symptoms. Sometimes, overt outbreaks of infections of adult bees with Nosema spp. (nosemosis) occur and those are typically characterized by the clinical symptom ‘diarrhoea’. Hence, colonies suffering from nosemosis can be recognized by faecal spots visible at the hive entrance, on frames, and on combs. Whether only Nosema ( N.) apis or also N. ceranae causes dysentery is still controversially discussed, as is the possibility to identify a nosemosis outbreak just based on faecal spots. Therefore, the goal of our study was to evaluate the value of faecal spots for the diagnosis of nosemosis by microscopic and molecular analyses of faecal spots and worker bees collected from the respective colonies. We show that overt outbreaks of N. ceranae infections are not that different from outbreaks of N. apis infections: Both are associated with diarrhoea resulting in faecal spots at the hive entrance and inside the hive. However, not all colonies exhibiting faecal spots were suffering from nosemosis suggesting that the mere presence of faecal spots is not sufficiently reliable for diagnosing nosemosis.
BT - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift
C1 - {"oldId":110131,"title":"Diagnostic value of faecal spots on and in honey bee (Apis mellifera) hives","topline":"","teaserText":"Diagnostischer Wert von Kotflecken an und in Bienen (Apis mellifera)-Beuten","content":"<p><span class=\"bold\">Summary<\/span><br \/><span class=\"italic\">Nosema<\/span> spp. infections are widely distributed in populations of the European  honey bee. Most of these infections are covert; hence, infected individuals and colonies do not show obvious clinical symptoms. Sometimes, overt outbreaks of infections of adult bees with <span class=\"italic\">Nosema<\/span> spp. (nosemosis) occur and those are typically characterized by the clinical symptom \u2018diarrhoea\u2019. Hence, colonies suffering from nosemosis can be recognized by faecal spots visible at the hive entrance, on frames, and on combs. Whether only <span class=\"italic\">Nosema ( N.) apis<\/span> or also <span class=\"italic\">N. ceranae<\/span> causes dysentery is still controversially discussed, as is the possibility to identify a nosemosis outbreak just based on faecal spots. Therefore, the goal of our study was to evaluate the value of faecal spots for the diagnosis of nosemosis by microscopic and molecular analyses of faecal spots and worker bees collected from the respective colonies. We show that overt outbreaks of <span class=\"italic\">N. ceranae<\/span> infections are not that different from outbreaks of <span class=\"italic\">N. apis<\/span> infections: Both are associated with diarrhoea resulting in faecal spots at the hive entrance and inside the hive. However, not all colonies exhibiting faecal spots were suffering from nosemosis suggesting that the mere presence of faecal spots is not sufficiently reliable for diagnosing nosemosis.<\/p><p><span class=\"bold\">Keywords<\/span><br \/>honey bee, <span class=\"italic\">Nosema<\/span> spp., nosemosis, diagnostics<\/p><p><span class=\"bold\">Zusammenfassung<\/span><br \/>Infektionen mit <span class=\"italic\">Nosema<\/span> spp. sind in den verschiedenen Populationen der europ\u00e4ischen Honigbiene weitverbreitet. Die meisten dieser Infektionen sind verdeckte Infektionen, d. h., dass die infizierten Bienen und V\u00f6lker keine offensichtlichen klinischen Symptome zeigen. Manchmal treten bei den infizierten, adulten Bienen Durchfallerscheinungen auf. Man bezeichnet einen solchen offenen Ausbruch der Infektion mit <span class=\"italic\">Nosema<\/span> spp. als Nosemose. V\u00f6lker, die an Nosemose leiden, k\u00f6nnen an charakteristischen Kotflecken am Bienenstockeingang und an Rahmen und Waben erkannt werden. Ob nur <span class=\"italic\">Nosema (N.) apis<\/span> oder auch <span class=\"italic\">N. ceranae<\/span> den typischen Durchfall verursacht, wird kontrovers diskutiert, ebenso wie die M\u00f6glichkeit, einen Nosemose-Ausbruch generell auf der Grundlage von Kotflecken zu diagnostizieren. Ziel unserer Studie war es daher, den diagnostischen Wert von Kotflecken f\u00fcr die Feststellung einer Nosemose zu untersuchen, indem der Kot aus den Kotflecken mikroskopisch und molekularbiologisch analysiert und auch Arbeitsbienen, die aus den jeweiligen V\u00f6lkern gesammelt wurden, untersucht wurden. Wir zeigen, dass sich offenkundige Ausbr\u00fcche von <span class=\"italic\">N. ceranae<\/span>-Infektionen nicht wesentlich von Ausbr\u00fcchen von <span class=\"italic\">N. apis<\/span>-Infektionen unterscheiden: Beide sind mit Durchfall verbunden, der zu Kotflecken am Flugloch und innerhalb der Beute f\u00fchrt. Jedoch konnte nicht bei allen V\u00f6lkern, die Kotflecken aufwiesen, eine Nosemose nachgewiesen werden. Das blo\u00dfe Vorhandensein von Kotflecken reicht daher nicht aus, um eine Nosemose zuverl\u00e4ssig zu diagnostizieren.<\/p><p><span class=\"bold\">Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter<\/span><br \/>Honigbiene, <span class=\"italic\">Nosema<\/span> spp., Nosemose, Diagnostik<\/p>","categories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"],"fromDate":"Nov 30, 2018 7:58:46 AM","oldUrls":["http:\/\/vetline.de\/diagnostic-value-of-faecal-spots-on-and-in-honey-bee-iapis-melliferai-hives\/150\/3130\/110131"],"doiLanguage":"englisch","doiProductFormat":"online","doiPublisher":"Schl\u00fctersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG","doiSerialWorkTitle":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochensch","doiDocumentUri":"https:\/\/vetline.de\/files\/smfiledata\/7\/4\/4\/1\/4\/9\/BMTW_AOP_18035_Genersch.pdf","doiSource":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochenschc","doiissn":"0005-9366","doiNr":"10.2376\/0005-9366-18035","doiFirstPage":".","doiLastPage":"..","doiTransmitted":true,"doiAuthor":"Horchler L, Gisder S, Boecking O, Genersch E","pdf":{"path":"http:\/\/data\/BMTW_AOP_18035_Genersch.pdf","title":"BMTW_AOP_18035_Genersch","description":"Diagnostic value of faecal spots on and in honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera<\/i>) hives"},"authors":[{"firstName":"L","middleName":"","lastName":"Horchler"},{"firstName":"S","middleName":"","lastName":"Gisder"},{"firstName":"O","middleName":"","lastName":"Boecking"},{"firstName":"E","middleName":"","lastName":"Genersch"}],"contentOptimised":"<p><strong>Summary<\/strong><br><em>Nosema<\/em> spp. infections are widely distributed in populations of the European  honey bee. Most of these infections are covert; hence, infected individuals and colonies do not show obvious clinical symptoms. Sometimes, overt outbreaks of infections of adult bees with <em>Nosema<\/em> spp. (nosemosis) occur and those are typically characterized by the clinical symptom \u2018diarrhoea\u2019. Hence, colonies suffering from nosemosis can be recognized by faecal spots visible at the hive entrance, on frames, and on combs. Whether only <em>Nosema ( N.) apis<\/em> or also <em>N. ceranae<\/em> causes dysentery is still controversially discussed, as is the possibility to identify a nosemosis outbreak just based on faecal spots. Therefore, the goal of our study was to evaluate the value of faecal spots for the diagnosis of nosemosis by microscopic and molecular analyses of faecal spots and worker bees collected from the respective colonies. We show that overt outbreaks of <em>N. ceranae<\/em> infections are not that different from outbreaks of <em>N. apis<\/em> infections: Both are associated with diarrhoea resulting in faecal spots at the hive entrance and inside the hive. However, not all colonies exhibiting faecal spots were suffering from nosemosis suggesting that the mere presence of faecal spots is not sufficiently reliable for diagnosing nosemosis.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong><br>honey bee, <em>Nosema<\/em> spp., nosemosis, diagnostics<\/p><p><strong>Zusammenfassung<\/strong><br>Infektionen mit <em>Nosema<\/em> spp. sind in den verschiedenen Populationen der europ\u00e4ischen Honigbiene weitverbreitet. Die meisten dieser Infektionen sind verdeckte Infektionen, d. h., dass die infizierten Bienen und V\u00f6lker keine offensichtlichen klinischen Symptome zeigen. Manchmal treten bei den infizierten, adulten Bienen Durchfallerscheinungen auf. Man bezeichnet einen solchen offenen Ausbruch der Infektion mit <em>Nosema<\/em> spp. als Nosemose. V\u00f6lker, die an Nosemose leiden, k\u00f6nnen an charakteristischen Kotflecken am Bienenstockeingang und an Rahmen und Waben erkannt werden. Ob nur <em>Nosema (N.) apis<\/em> oder auch <em>N. ceranae<\/em> den typischen Durchfall verursacht, wird kontrovers diskutiert, ebenso wie die M\u00f6glichkeit, einen Nosemose-Ausbruch generell auf der Grundlage von Kotflecken zu diagnostizieren. Ziel unserer Studie war es daher, den diagnostischen Wert von Kotflecken f\u00fcr die Feststellung einer Nosemose zu untersuchen, indem der Kot aus den Kotflecken mikroskopisch und molekularbiologisch analysiert und auch Arbeitsbienen, die aus den jeweiligen V\u00f6lkern gesammelt wurden, untersucht wurden. Wir zeigen, dass sich offenkundige Ausbr\u00fcche von <em>N. ceranae<\/em>-Infektionen nicht wesentlich von Ausbr\u00fcchen von <em>N. apis<\/em>-Infektionen unterscheiden: Beide sind mit Durchfall verbunden, der zu Kotflecken am Flugloch und innerhalb der Beute f\u00fchrt. Jedoch konnte nicht bei allen V\u00f6lkern, die Kotflecken aufwiesen, eine Nosemose nachgewiesen werden. Das blo\u00dfe Vorhandensein von Kotflecken reicht daher nicht aus, um eine Nosemose zuverl\u00e4ssig zu diagnostizieren.<\/p><p><strong>Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/strong><br>Honigbiene, <em>Nosema<\/em> spp., Nosemose, Diagnostik<\/p>","primaryLanguage":"englisch","summary":"<em>Nosema<\/em> spp. infections are widely distributed in populations of the European  honey bee. Most of these infections are covert; hence, infected individuals and colonies do not show obvious clinical symptoms. Sometimes, overt outbreaks of infections of adult bees with <em>Nosema<\/em> spp. (nosemosis) occur and those are typically characterized by the clinical symptom \u2018diarrhoea\u2019. Hence, colonies suffering from nosemosis can be recognized by faecal spots visible at the hive entrance, on frames, and on combs. Whether only <em>Nosema ( N.) apis<\/em> or also <em>N. ceranae<\/em> causes dysentery is still controversially discussed, as is the possibility to identify a nosemosis outbreak just based on faecal spots. Therefore, the goal of our study was to evaluate the value of faecal spots for the diagnosis of nosemosis by microscopic and molecular analyses of faecal spots and worker bees collected from the respective colonies. We show that overt outbreaks of <em>N. ceranae<\/em> infections are not that different from outbreaks of <em>N. apis<\/em> infections: Both are associated with diarrhoea resulting in faecal spots at the hive entrance and inside the hive. However, not all colonies exhibiting faecal spots were suffering from nosemosis suggesting that the mere presence of faecal spots is not sufficiently reliable for diagnosing nosemosis.<\/p><p>","keywords":["honey bee","Nosema"],"zusammenfassung":"Infektionen mit <em>Nosema<\/em> spp. sind in den verschiedenen Populationen der europ\u00e4ischen Honigbiene weitverbreitet. Die meisten dieser Infektionen sind verdeckte Infektionen, d. h., dass die infizierten Bienen und V\u00f6lker keine offensichtlichen klinischen Symptome zeigen. Manchmal treten bei den infizierten, adulten Bienen Durchfallerscheinungen auf. Man bezeichnet einen solchen offenen Ausbruch der Infektion mit <em>Nosema<\/em> spp. als Nosemose. V\u00f6lker, die an Nosemose leiden, k\u00f6nnen an charakteristischen Kotflecken am Bienenstockeingang und an Rahmen und Waben erkannt werden. Ob nur <em>Nosema (N.) apis<\/em> oder auch <em>N. ceranae<\/em> den typischen Durchfall verursacht, wird kontrovers diskutiert, ebenso wie die M\u00f6glichkeit, einen Nosemose-Ausbruch generell auf der Grundlage von Kotflecken zu diagnostizieren. Ziel unserer Studie war es daher, den diagnostischen Wert von Kotflecken f\u00fcr die Feststellung einer Nosemose zu untersuchen, indem der Kot aus den Kotflecken mikroskopisch und molekularbiologisch analysiert und auch Arbeitsbienen, die aus den jeweiligen V\u00f6lkern gesammelt wurden, untersucht wurden. Wir zeigen, dass sich offenkundige Ausbr\u00fcche von <em>N. ceranae<\/em>-Infektionen nicht wesentlich von Ausbr\u00fcchen von <em>N. apis<\/em>-Infektionen unterscheiden: Beide sind mit Durchfall verbunden, der zu Kotflecken am Flugloch und innerhalb der Beute f\u00fchrt. Jedoch konnte nicht bei allen V\u00f6lkern, die Kotflecken aufwiesen, eine Nosemose nachgewiesen werden. Das blo\u00dfe Vorhandensein von Kotflecken reicht daher nicht aus, um eine Nosemose zuverl\u00e4ssig zu diagnostizieren.<\/p><p>","schluesselwoerter":["Honigbiene","Nosema"],"translatedTitle":"Diagnostischer Wert von Kotflecken an und in Bienen (Apis mellifera)-Beuten","abstractE":"Nosema spp. infections are widely distributed in populations of the European  honey bee. Most of these infections are covert; hence, infected individuals and colonies do not show obvious clinical symptoms. Sometimes, overt outbreaks of infections of adult bees with Nosema spp. (nosemosis) occur and those are typically characterized by the clinical symptom \u2018diarrhoea\u2019. Hence, colonies suffering from nosemosis can be recognized by faecal spots visible at the hive entrance, on frames, and on combs. Whether only Nosema ( N.) apis or also N. ceranae causes dysentery is still controversially discussed, as is the possibility to identify a nosemosis outbreak just based on faecal spots. Therefore, the goal of our study was to evaluate the value of faecal spots for the diagnosis of nosemosis by microscopic and molecular analyses of faecal spots and worker bees collected from the respective colonies. We show that overt outbreaks of N. ceranae infections are not that different from outbreaks of N. apis infections: Both are associated with diarrhoea resulting in faecal spots at the hive entrance and inside the hive. However, not all colonies exhibiting faecal spots were suffering from nosemosis suggesting that the mere presence of faecal spots is not sufficiently reliable for diagnosing nosemosis.","date":{"year":2018,"date":"11\/2018","accepted":"2018-11-30"},"volume":131,"openAccess":false,"journal":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","titleImageId":944,"pages":"","redirects":["diagnostic-value-of-faecal-spots-on-and-in-honey-bee-iapis-melliferai-hives\/150\/3130\/110131"],"tierartCategories":[],"artikelartCategories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"]}
CY - Hannover
DA - 11/2018
DO - 10.2376/0005-9366-18035
LA - English
N2 - Nosema spp. infections are widely distributed in populations of the European  honey bee. Most of these infections are covert; hence, infected individuals and colonies do not show obvious clinical symptoms. Sometimes, overt outbreaks of infections of adult bees with Nosema spp. (nosemosis) occur and those are typically characterized by the clinical symptom ‘diarrhoea’. Hence, colonies suffering from nosemosis can be recognized by faecal spots visible at the hive entrance, on frames, and on combs. Whether only Nosema ( N.) apis or also N. ceranae causes dysentery is still controversially discussed, as is the possibility to identify a nosemosis outbreak just based on faecal spots. Therefore, the goal of our study was to evaluate the value of faecal spots for the diagnosis of nosemosis by microscopic and molecular analyses of faecal spots and worker bees collected from the respective colonies. We show that overt outbreaks of N. ceranae infections are not that different from outbreaks of N. apis infections: Both are associated with diarrhoea resulting in faecal spots at the hive entrance and inside the hive. However, not all colonies exhibiting faecal spots were suffering from nosemosis suggesting that the mere presence of faecal spots is not sufficiently reliable for diagnosing nosemosis.
PB - Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG
PP - Hannover
PY - 2018
T1 - Diagnostic value of faecal spots on and in honey bee (Apis mellifera) hives
T2 - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift
TI - Diagnostic value of faecal spots on and in honey bee (Apis mellifera) hives
TT - Diagnostischer Wert von Kotflecken an und in Bienen (Apis mellifera)-Beuten
VL - 131
SN - 0005-9366
ER -