TY - JOUR KW - BVDV KW - eradication program KW - biosecurity KW - molecular epidemiology AU - W Rossmanith AU - A Jacková AU - E Wilhelm AU - S Vilček AB - The BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria according to the Swedish model started in 1997 as a voluntary strategy and became obligatory for all herd owners in 2004. In this paper we analyse BVDV isolates found in PI animals of the last infected cattle farms at the genetic level and describe possible risk factors for virus transmission in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria, where only five infected herds were identified in 2010. Viral isolates from 23 farms on which PI animals had been detected in 2009 (n = 10), 2010 (n = 5), 2008 (n = 5) and in 2006 (n = 3) were analysed at a genetic level at the 5´-UTR. All isolates analysed by phylogenetic analysis fall into five BVDV-1 subgenotypes, i. e. b, e, f, g, and h. No new subgenotypes were identified when compared to isolates analysed at the beginning of the BVDV eradication program. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed three groups of herds with genetically identical isolates; the first group comprised two herds, the second seven herds and the third four herds. Analysis of several factors such as distance between herds, purchase of cattle, work of farmers, veterinarians, assistants of milk recording associations and animal carriers indicated the latter as the most critical factor for transmitting the same viruses. Seven herds of two groups of identical BVDV isolates were served by the same cattle carrier, six herds shared the veterinarian and five herds had the same assistant of the milk recording association who could be the risk factor for the introduction of BVDV into the herd. The analysis helped to stop virus transmission. Therefore, from early 2012 up to now, no new infection has occurred in Lower Austria. The results indicated that biosecurity is a very important factor to prevent the spreading of viruses in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program. BT - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift C1 - {"oldId":76053,"title":"Analysis of BVDV isolates and factors contributing to virus transmission in the final stage of a BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria","topline":"","teaserText":"Genotypisierung von BVDV-Isolaten zur Bestimmung von Faktoren der Virus\u00fcbertragung am Ende eines Eradikationsprogramms in Nieder\u00f6sterreich","content":"

Summary <\/span>
The BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria according to the Swedish model started in 1997 as a voluntary strategy and became obligatory for all herd owners in 2004. In this paper we analyse BVDV isolates found in PI animals of the last infected cattle farms at the genetic level and describe possible risk factors for virus transmission in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria, where only five infected herds were identified in 2010. Viral isolates from 23 farms on which PI animals had been detected in 2009 (n = 10), 2010 (n = 5), 2008 (n = 5) and in 2006 (n = 3) were analysed at a genetic level at the 5\u00b4-UTR. All isolates analysed by phylogenetic analysis fall into five BVDV-1 subgenotypes, i. e. b, e, f, g, and h. No new subgenotypes were identified when compared to isolates analysed at the beginning of the BVDV eradication program. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed three groups of herds with genetically identical isolates; the first group comprised two herds, the second seven herds and the third four herds. Analysis of several factors such as distance between herds, purchase of cattle, work of farmers, veterinarians, assistants of milk recording associations and animal carriers indicated the latter as the most critical factor for transmitting the same viruses. Seven herds of two groups of identical BVDV isolates were served by the same cattle carrier, six herds shared the veterinarian and five herds had the same assistant of the milk recording association who could be the risk factor for the introduction of BVDV into the herd. The analysis helped to stop virus transmission. Therefore, from early 2012 up to now, no new infection has occurred in Lower Austria. The results indicated that biosecurity is a very important factor to prevent the spreading of viruses in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program.<\/p>

Keywords<\/span>
BVDV, eradication program, biosecurity, molecular epidemiology<\/p>

Zusammenfassung <\/span>
In Nieder\u00f6sterreich wurde 1997 mit einem freiwilligen BVD-Ausmerzprogramm begonnen. Ab 2004 wurde das Programm f\u00fcr alle Rinderz\u00fcchter verpflichtend mit dem Resultat, dass 2010 nur noch f\u00fcnf infizierte Herden \u00fcbrig blieben. Um am Ende eines Eradikationsprogramms die Risikofaktoren der Virus\u00fcbertragung zu erkennen, wurden Virusisolate aus 23 Herden, zehn Isolate aus 2009, f\u00fcnf Isolate aus 2010, f\u00fcnf Isolate aus 2008 und drei Isolate aus 2006, anhand der 5\u00b4-UTRRegion ihres Genoms charakterisiert. Laut phylogenetischer Analyse waren alle Isolate den f\u00fcnf Sub-Genotypen b, e, f, g, und h der BVDV-1-Spezies zuzuordnen. Verglichen mit den Isolaten vom Anfang des Ausmerzprogramms traten keine neuen Sub-Genotypen auf. Die phylogenetische Analyse aller Virusisolate ergab drei Gruppen von Herden mit identen Virusisolaten. Die erste Gruppe umfasste zwei Herden, die zweite Gruppe sieben Herden und die dritte Gruppe vier Herden. Daten wie der geografische Abstand der Herden, der Zukauf von Rindern, das Verhalten der Rinderhalter, der Tier\u00e4rzte, der Kontrollassistenten des Leistungskontrollverbandes und der Tiertransportunternehmen wurden untersucht. Die Arbeitsweise eines Tiertransportunternehmens war f\u00fcr die Virus\u00fcbertragung ein kritischer Faktor. Sieben Herden der zwei Gruppen mit identen Virusisolaten hatten das gleiche Transportunternehmen f\u00fcr ihre Rinder, sechs hatten den gleichen Tierarzt und f\u00fcnf hatten den gleichen Leistungskontroll-Assistenten, die alle zusammen ein Risikofaktor f\u00fcr die Virus\u00fcbertragung sein k\u00f6nnten. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit der Biosicherheit, um die Virus\u00fcbertragung am Ende eines BVD-Ausmerzprogrammes zu verhindern. Da auf die Risikofaktoren reagiert wurde, gibt es seit Anfang 2012 in Nieder\u00f6sterreich keine neuen BVDInfektionen.<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter<\/span>
BVDV, Ausmerzprogramm, Biosicherheit, molekulare Epidemiologie<\/p>","categories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"],"fromDate":"Feb 28, 2014 11:00:00 PM","oldUrls":["http:\/\/vetline.de\/analysis-of-bvdv-isolates-and-factors-contributing-to-virus-transmission-in-the-final-stage-of-a-bvdv-eradication-program-in-lower-austria\/150\/3130\/76053"],"doiLanguage":"englisch","doiProductFormat":"online","doiPublisher":"Schl\u00fctersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG","doiSerialWorkTitle":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","doiDocumentUri":"http:\/\/vetline.de\/analysis-of-bvdv-isolates-and-factors-contributing-to-virus-transmission-in-the-final-stage-of-a-bvdv-eradication-program-in-lower-austria\/150\/3130\/76053\/","doiSource":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochenschr 127: 12-18","doiissn":"0005-9366","doiNr":"10.2376\/0005-9366-127-12","doiFirstPage":"12","doiLastPage":"18","doiTransmitted":true,"doiAuthor":"Rossmanith W, Jackov\u00e1 A, Wilhelm E, Vil\u010dek S","pdf":{"path":"http:\/\/data\/BMTW_2014_01_02_0012_ges72.pdf","title":"BMTW_2014_01_0012.pdf","description":"Analysis of BVDV isolates and factors contributing to virus transmission\r\nin the final stage of a BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria"},"authors":[{"firstName":"W","middleName":"","lastName":"Rossmanith"},{"firstName":"A","middleName":"","lastName":"Jackov\u00e1"},{"firstName":"E","middleName":"","lastName":"Wilhelm"},{"firstName":"S","middleName":"","lastName":"Vil\u010dek"}],"contentOptimised":"

Summary<\/strong>
The BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria according to the Swedish model started in 1997 as a voluntary strategy and became obligatory for all herd owners in 2004. In this paper we analyse BVDV isolates found in PI animals of the last infected cattle farms at the genetic level and describe possible risk factors for virus transmission in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria, where only five infected herds were identified in 2010. Viral isolates from 23 farms on which PI animals had been detected in 2009 (n = 10), 2010 (n = 5), 2008 (n = 5) and in 2006 (n = 3) were analysed at a genetic level at the 5\u00b4-UTR. All isolates analysed by phylogenetic analysis fall into five BVDV-1 subgenotypes, i. e. b, e, f, g, and h. No new subgenotypes were identified when compared to isolates analysed at the beginning of the BVDV eradication program. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed three groups of herds with genetically identical isolates; the first group comprised two herds, the second seven herds and the third four herds. Analysis of several factors such as distance between herds, purchase of cattle, work of farmers, veterinarians, assistants of milk recording associations and animal carriers indicated the latter as the most critical factor for transmitting the same viruses. Seven herds of two groups of identical BVDV isolates were served by the same cattle carrier, six herds shared the veterinarian and five herds had the same assistant of the milk recording association who could be the risk factor for the introduction of BVDV into the herd. The analysis helped to stop virus transmission. Therefore, from early 2012 up to now, no new infection has occurred in Lower Austria. The results indicated that biosecurity is a very important factor to prevent the spreading of viruses in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program.<\/p>

Keywords:<\/strong>
BVDV, eradication program, biosecurity, molecular epidemiology<\/p>

Zusammenfassung<\/strong>
In Nieder\u00f6sterreich wurde 1997 mit einem freiwilligen BVD-Ausmerzprogramm begonnen. Ab 2004 wurde das Programm f\u00fcr alle Rinderz\u00fcchter verpflichtend mit dem Resultat, dass 2010 nur noch f\u00fcnf infizierte Herden \u00fcbrig blieben. Um am Ende eines Eradikationsprogramms die Risikofaktoren der Virus\u00fcbertragung zu erkennen, wurden Virusisolate aus 23 Herden, zehn Isolate aus 2009, f\u00fcnf Isolate aus 2010, f\u00fcnf Isolate aus 2008 und drei Isolate aus 2006, anhand der 5\u00b4-UTRRegion ihres Genoms charakterisiert. Laut phylogenetischer Analyse waren alle Isolate den f\u00fcnf Sub-Genotypen b, e, f, g, und h der BVDV-1-Spezies zuzuordnen. Verglichen mit den Isolaten vom Anfang des Ausmerzprogramms traten keine neuen Sub-Genotypen auf. Die phylogenetische Analyse aller Virusisolate ergab drei Gruppen von Herden mit identen Virusisolaten. Die erste Gruppe umfasste zwei Herden, die zweite Gruppe sieben Herden und die dritte Gruppe vier Herden. Daten wie der geografische Abstand der Herden, der Zukauf von Rindern, das Verhalten der Rinderhalter, der Tier\u00e4rzte, der Kontrollassistenten des Leistungskontrollverbandes und der Tiertransportunternehmen wurden untersucht. Die Arbeitsweise eines Tiertransportunternehmens war f\u00fcr die Virus\u00fcbertragung ein kritischer Faktor. Sieben Herden der zwei Gruppen mit identen Virusisolaten hatten das gleiche Transportunternehmen f\u00fcr ihre Rinder, sechs hatten den gleichen Tierarzt und f\u00fcnf hatten den gleichen Leistungskontroll-Assistenten, die alle zusammen ein Risikofaktor f\u00fcr die Virus\u00fcbertragung sein k\u00f6nnten. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit der Biosicherheit, um die Virus\u00fcbertragung am Ende eines BVD-Ausmerzprogrammes zu verhindern. Da auf die Risikofaktoren reagiert wurde, gibt es seit Anfang 2012 in Nieder\u00f6sterreich keine neuen BVDInfektionen.<\/p>

Schl\u00fcsselw\u00f6rter:<\/strong>
BVDV, Ausmerzprogramm, Biosicherheit, molekulare Epidemiologie<\/p>","primaryLanguage":"englisch","summary":"The BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria according to the Swedish model started in 1997 as a voluntary strategy and became obligatory for all herd owners in 2004. In this paper we analyse BVDV isolates found in PI animals of the last infected cattle farms at the genetic level and describe possible risk factors for virus transmission in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria, where only five infected herds were identified in 2010. Viral isolates from 23 farms on which PI animals had been detected in 2009 (n = 10), 2010 (n = 5), 2008 (n = 5) and in 2006 (n = 3) were analysed at a genetic level at the 5\u00b4-UTR. All isolates analysed by phylogenetic analysis fall into five BVDV-1 subgenotypes, i. e. b, e, f, g, and h. No new subgenotypes were identified when compared to isolates analysed at the beginning of the BVDV eradication program. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed three groups of herds with genetically identical isolates; the first group comprised two herds, the second seven herds and the third four herds. Analysis of several factors such as distance between herds, purchase of cattle, work of farmers, veterinarians, assistants of milk recording associations and animal carriers indicated the latter as the most critical factor for transmitting the same viruses. Seven herds of two groups of identical BVDV isolates were served by the same cattle carrier, six herds shared the veterinarian and five herds had the same assistant of the milk recording association who could be the risk factor for the introduction of BVDV into the herd. The analysis helped to stop virus transmission. Therefore, from early 2012 up to now, no new infection has occurred in Lower Austria. The results indicated that biosecurity is a very important factor to prevent the spreading of viruses in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program.<\/p>

","keywords":["BVDV","eradication program","biosecurity","molecular epidemiology"],"zusammenfassung":"In Nieder\u00f6sterreich wurde 1997 mit einem freiwilligen BVD-Ausmerzprogramm begonnen. Ab 2004 wurde das Programm f\u00fcr alle Rinderz\u00fcchter verpflichtend mit dem Resultat, dass 2010 nur noch f\u00fcnf infizierte Herden \u00fcbrig blieben. Um am Ende eines Eradikationsprogramms die Risikofaktoren der Virus\u00fcbertragung zu erkennen, wurden Virusisolate aus 23 Herden, zehn Isolate aus 2009, f\u00fcnf Isolate aus 2010, f\u00fcnf Isolate aus 2008 und drei Isolate aus 2006, anhand der 5\u00b4-UTRRegion ihres Genoms charakterisiert. Laut phylogenetischer Analyse waren alle Isolate den f\u00fcnf Sub-Genotypen b, e, f, g, und h der BVDV-1-Spezies zuzuordnen. Verglichen mit den Isolaten vom Anfang des Ausmerzprogramms traten keine neuen Sub-Genotypen auf. Die phylogenetische Analyse aller Virusisolate ergab drei Gruppen von Herden mit identen Virusisolaten. Die erste Gruppe umfasste zwei Herden, die zweite Gruppe sieben Herden und die dritte Gruppe vier Herden. Daten wie der geografische Abstand der Herden, der Zukauf von Rindern, das Verhalten der Rinderhalter, der Tier\u00e4rzte, der Kontrollassistenten des Leistungskontrollverbandes und der Tiertransportunternehmen wurden untersucht. Die Arbeitsweise eines Tiertransportunternehmens war f\u00fcr die Virus\u00fcbertragung ein kritischer Faktor. Sieben Herden der zwei Gruppen mit identen Virusisolaten hatten das gleiche Transportunternehmen f\u00fcr ihre Rinder, sechs hatten den gleichen Tierarzt und f\u00fcnf hatten den gleichen Leistungskontroll-Assistenten, die alle zusammen ein Risikofaktor f\u00fcr die Virus\u00fcbertragung sein k\u00f6nnten. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit der Biosicherheit, um die Virus\u00fcbertragung am Ende eines BVD-Ausmerzprogrammes zu verhindern. Da auf die Risikofaktoren reagiert wurde, gibt es seit Anfang 2012 in Nieder\u00f6sterreich keine neuen BVDInfektionen.<\/p>

","schluesselwoerter":["BVDV","Ausmerzprogramm","Biosicherheit","molekulare Epidemiologie"],"translatedTitle":"Genotypisierung von BVDV-Isolaten zur Bestimmung von Faktoren der Virus\u00fcbertragung am Ende eines Eradikationsprogramms in Nieder\u00f6sterreich","abstractE":"The BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria according to the Swedish model started in 1997 as a voluntary strategy and became obligatory for all herd owners in 2004. In this paper we analyse BVDV isolates found in PI animals of the last infected cattle farms at the genetic level and describe possible risk factors for virus transmission in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria, where only five infected herds were identified in 2010. Viral isolates from 23 farms on which PI animals had been detected in 2009 (n = 10), 2010 (n = 5), 2008 (n = 5) and in 2006 (n = 3) were analysed at a genetic level at the 5\u00b4-UTR. All isolates analysed by phylogenetic analysis fall into five BVDV-1 subgenotypes, i. e. b, e, f, g, and h. No new subgenotypes were identified when compared to isolates analysed at the beginning of the BVDV eradication program. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed three groups of herds with genetically identical isolates; the first group comprised two herds, the second seven herds and the third four herds. Analysis of several factors such as distance between herds, purchase of cattle, work of farmers, veterinarians, assistants of milk recording associations and animal carriers indicated the latter as the most critical factor for transmitting the same viruses. Seven herds of two groups of identical BVDV isolates were served by the same cattle carrier, six herds shared the veterinarian and five herds had the same assistant of the milk recording association who could be the risk factor for the introduction of BVDV into the herd. The analysis helped to stop virus transmission. Therefore, from early 2012 up to now, no new infection has occurred in Lower Austria. The results indicated that biosecurity is a very important factor to prevent the spreading of viruses in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program.","date":{"year":2014,"date":"02\/2014","accepted":"2014-02-28"},"volume":"127","openAccess":false,"journal":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","titleImageId":944,"pages":"12-18","redirects":["analysis-of-bvdv-isolates-and-factors-contributing-to-virus-transmission-in-the-final-stage-of-a-bvdv-eradication-program-in-lower-austria\/150\/3130\/76053"],"tierartCategories":[],"artikelartCategories":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift","Abostufe BMTW","Fachartikel"]} CY - Hannover DA - 02/2014 DO - 10.2376/0005-9366-127-12 LA - English N2 - The BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria according to the Swedish model started in 1997 as a voluntary strategy and became obligatory for all herd owners in 2004. In this paper we analyse BVDV isolates found in PI animals of the last infected cattle farms at the genetic level and describe possible risk factors for virus transmission in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria, where only five infected herds were identified in 2010. Viral isolates from 23 farms on which PI animals had been detected in 2009 (n = 10), 2010 (n = 5), 2008 (n = 5) and in 2006 (n = 3) were analysed at a genetic level at the 5´-UTR. All isolates analysed by phylogenetic analysis fall into five BVDV-1 subgenotypes, i. e. b, e, f, g, and h. No new subgenotypes were identified when compared to isolates analysed at the beginning of the BVDV eradication program. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed three groups of herds with genetically identical isolates; the first group comprised two herds, the second seven herds and the third four herds. Analysis of several factors such as distance between herds, purchase of cattle, work of farmers, veterinarians, assistants of milk recording associations and animal carriers indicated the latter as the most critical factor for transmitting the same viruses. Seven herds of two groups of identical BVDV isolates were served by the same cattle carrier, six herds shared the veterinarian and five herds had the same assistant of the milk recording association who could be the risk factor for the introduction of BVDV into the herd. The analysis helped to stop virus transmission. Therefore, from early 2012 up to now, no new infection has occurred in Lower Austria. The results indicated that biosecurity is a very important factor to prevent the spreading of viruses in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program. PB - Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG PP - Hannover PY - 2014 SP - 12 EP - 18 T1 - Analysis of BVDV isolates and factors contributing to virus transmission in the final stage of a BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria T2 - Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift TI - Analysis of BVDV isolates and factors contributing to virus transmission in the final stage of a BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria TT - Genotypisierung von BVDV-Isolaten zur Bestimmung von Faktoren der Virusübertragung am Ende eines Eradikationsprogramms in Niederösterreich VL - 127 SN - 0005-9366 ER -