02492nas a2200289   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260007000043653002200113653001800135653002600153653002000179100001500199700001300214700001200227700001500239700001400254700001200268700001200280700001700292700001100309245017700320300001200497490000800509520167100517022001402188       2010                            d  c07/2010bSchlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KGaHannover10aInfluenza A Virus10apandemic H1N110amolecular diagnostics10areal-timeRT-PCR1 aB Hoffmann1 aT Harder1 aE Lange1 aD Kalthoff1 aI Reimann1 aC Grund1 aR Oehme1 aT Vahlenkamp1 aM Beer00aNew real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions facilitate detection and differentiation of novel A/H1N1 influenza virus in porcine and human samples [engl.]  a286-2920 v1233 aInfluenza A viruses are maintained as a quasispecies cloud in several naturalhost reservoirs of avian as well as mammalian species. Accidental host exposure,selection and further adaptation of individual influenza A viruses during sporadictrans-species transmission may eventually lead to the establishment of new,stably circulating lineages in a new, possibly mammalian, host species. Givena high transmissibility of such a virus and a susceptible, immunologically naïvepopulation, pandemic spread of such viruses within a short time may ensue.In April 2009, a novel multi-reassortant influenza A virus of subtype H1N1 hasemerged and regionally spread in humans in Mexico and the United States causingflu-like symptoms. Until June 2009 increasing levels of a multiregional, globalspread of this virus prompted the WHO to raise the pandemic alert to the highestlevel. Data from experimental infections in pigs as well as experience from naturaloutbreaks in swine farms world-wide have shown that porcine populations arefully susceptible to the new virus and are able to sustain uninterrupted transmissionchains. A broad front incursion of the new human pandemic virus into theporcine population would have a significant negative impact on measures torestrict further spread of the virus in the human population. Therefore, sensitivetools for monitoring and detection of such an incursion in a timely manner aremandatory. We have developed two real-time RT PCRs which are specific for thehemagglutinin gene of the novel A/H1N1 virus and which allow detection ofinfected pigs with high sensitivity. These PCRs may become useful tools in futuresurveillance programmes.  a0005-9366