02369nas a2200229   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260007000043653000900113653001200122653002600134653001500160653002100175100001300196700002100209700001200230700001400242245014100256490000800397520172000405022001402125       2019                            d  c03/2019bSchlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KGaHannover10aESBL10aturkeys10aAntibiotic resistance10aprevalence10aEscherichia coli1 aA Friese1 aH Morgenstern Lu1 aR Merle1 aU Roesler00aExtended-spectrum beta-lactamase and AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in turkey fattening farms: a cross-sectional study0 v1323 aExtended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase (AmpC)-producing  Enterobacteriaceae are found in companion and farm animals worldwide. For turkeys, however, limited data exist. A cross-sectional study of 48 conventional turkey  fattening farms was, therefore, conducted throughout Germany. Rearing as well as fattening flocks within the same farms were studied by investigating pooled faeces,  boot swabs and dust samples. In total, 70.8% (34/48) of all farms were positive for ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae and 60.4% (29/48) for ESBL/AmpCproducing  Escherichia coli (E. coli). When comparing the ESBL/AmpC status of rearing and fattening flocks no significant differences were found. The use of antibiotics was  documented, however, no obvious impact could be found. The highest detection rates of the resistant bacteria appeared in boot swabs (46.7% for ESBL/AmpCproducing  Enterobacteriaceae, 39.1% for ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli) followed by pooled faeces (38.8% and 30.4%, respectively) and dust samples (25% and 18.5%,  respectively). Isolates were tested for common ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM) and CIT-type AmpC beta-lactamase encoding genes including the common blaCMY-2.  Genes encoding for CTX-M type were found most frequent (88.3%, 121/137), with CTX-M-1 most often (41.6%) followed by CTX-M-14 (20.7%), CTX-M-15 (17.3%),  CTX-M-32 (7.4%), CTX-M-27 (6.6%) and CTX-M-55 (0.8%). Also other ESBL encoding genes such as SHV-2, SHV-12 and TEM-52 as well as the AmpC beta-lactamase CMY-2  encoding gene were found sporadically. ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli occur regularly in German turkey fattening farms, however, with lower prevalences compared  to other animal species.  a0005-9366