01775nas a2200217   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260007000043653002000113653001500133653001400148653001300162100002800175700001300203700001700216700001300233245010400246490000800350520118500358022001401543       2017                            d  c02/2017bSchlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KGaHannover10abovine shoulder10asonography10aradiology10alameness1 aB Altenbrunner-Martinek1 aA Starke1 aM Heppelmann1 aJ Kofler00aDisorders of the shoulder region in 21 cattle: clinical, ultrasonographic and radiographic findings0 v1303 aThe clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic and centesis findings of 21 cattle suffering from disorders of the shoulder region were reviewed retrospectively and the typical ultrasonographic findings of various disorders are presented. The following criteria were assessed: echogenicity, echopattern, size, shape and appearance of the borders of synovial or other cavities, acoustic shadowing, flow phenomena and involvement of periarticular structures. Ultrasonographic findings were compared with the clinical and radiographic results or findings revealed at surgery or necropsy. The involved synovial cavities and periarticular abscesses could be differentiated ultrasonographically in all cattle. The inflamed shoulder joint pouch, the bicipital and infraspinous bursae and the periarticular abscesses were depicted as moderately to markedly distended cavities, filled with inflammatory effusion and/or clotted masses of varying echogenicity. Effusion could be detected in early stages of synovitis. In all patients with shoulder disorders a comprehensive diagnosis was achieved due to the easy and rapid ultrasonographic differentiation of the affected anatomical structures.  a0005-9366