@article{2421,
  keywords = {Positron-Emission-Tomography (PET), animal model, molecular imaging, preclinical imaging, concept of 3R},
  author = {M Hoffmann and H Wieler and H-G Buchholz and S Pektor and M Schreckenberger},
  title = {Challenges and chances of preclinical and animal experimental PET imaging},
  abstract = {Positron-emission-tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging technique that permits  the spatial and temporal distribution of compounds labeled with a positronemitting  radionuclide to be determined noninvasively. Positron-labeled compounds  (tracers) have been synthesized to target a range of specific markers and  pathways. Small animal PET (i.e. mice, rats, hamsters) has undergone a major evolution.  This has been driven by technical improvements and increasing interest  of pharmaceutical companies. The focus of the method has shifted towards the  quantification of the physiological parameters necessary to use this technique for  kinetic modeling of tracers. Methods for minimising the number of animals used  for experiments and minimising animal suffering have to be considered (concept  of 3R: replacement, reduction and refinement) to provide more humane animal research. In this review, we will give an overview of how the technique can be  used to study diseases, to evaluate therapies or new drugs and to gain inside into  molecular processes in vivo.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift},
  volume = {132},
  month = {03/2019},
  publisher = {Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG},
  address = {Hannover},
  issn = {0005-9366},
  doi = {10.2376/0005-9366-18085},
  language = {English},
}